NURS 6500 Exam 3 – 2025-2026 Simplified Advanced
Pathophysiology Study Guide with Core Topics, Quick Review
Notes, and Test Prep Questions with Correct Answers||Graded A+
A 12-year-old child is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of
sickle cell crisis. The nurse has completed an assessment and is
creating a plan of care. What aspect of the plan of care is most
important to the client's outcome? - Answer-increasing the daily fluid
intake hydration is paramount to resolving a sickle cell crisis
The nurse is collecting data from the caregivers of a child brought to
the clinic setting. The parents tell the nurse that the child's skin seems
to be an unusual color. The nurse notes that the child's skin appears
bronze-colored and jaundiced. This observation alerts the nurse to the
likelihood that this child has which disorder? - Answer-thalassemia
the mouth of a child receiving chemotherapy can become very
inflamed and painful. It is important of the nurse to? - Answer-assess
the oral cavity for redness, lesions, and plaques frequently use soft-
bristle toothbrush
if gums are inflamed the child may use a saltwater solution or
commercial mouthwash to keep the mouth clean
A nursing student compares and contrasts childhood and adult
cancers. Which statement does so accurately? - Answer-children
cancers unlike those of adults often are detected accidentally, not
through screening
bone marrow aspiration - Answer-provides samples of bone marrow
so the type and quantity of cells being produced can be determined
in children, the bone marrow aspirations sites used are? - Answer-the
iliac crests or spines
in a situation where the child exhibits signs of anemia related to acute
hemorrhage, the nurse should anticipate administering? - Answer-a
transfusion of packed red blood cells to improve oxygenation and
circulation
pg. 1
,a hallmark of vaso-occulsive crisis, _____, which results from the
sickled red cells and increased blood viscosity. - Answer-dactylitis
the normal absolute neutrophil count ranges from? - Answer-1.5 to 8.0
an ANC less than 1.5 in children over age 1 indicates? - Answer-
neutropenia
The nurse is caring for a child with leukemia. Which nursing
intervention would be the highest priority for this child? - Answer-
following guidelines for reverse isolation
the child with leukemia is susceptible to infection especially during
chemotherapy. Infections such as? - Answer-meningitis, septicemia,
and pneumonia are the most common causes of death
The nurse is planning care for a school-aged child recovering from
being hit by a motor vehicle while riding a bicycle. For what will the
nurse assess to determine the onset of disseminated intravascular
coagulation in this child? - Answer-bleeding from IV sites
The nurse is preparing a child for discharge following a sickle cell
crisis. Which statement by the mother indicates a need for further
teaching? - Answer-she has been down, but playing in soccer camp
will cheer her up
the most common sites for childhood cancer include? - Answer-the
blood, lymph, brain, bone, kidney and muscle
bladder is common site for adult cancer not children
neglect - Answer-is defined as failure to provide a child with
appropriate food, clothing, shelter, medical care, and schooling
risk factors for abuse in children include - Answer-poverty
prematurity
cerebral palsy
chronic illness
intellectual disability
pg. 2
,when the trait is inherited from ___, the child has sickle cell disease,
and anemia develops. The trait does not skip generations. The traits
occurs most commonly in black clients. - Answer-from both parents
(homogygous state)
After the initial assessment is performed on a child with Wilms tumor,
further palpation of the abdomen should be avoided because? -
Answer-the tumor is highly vascular and soft therefore, excessive
handling of the tumor may result in tumor seeding and metastasis.
A teenage girl asks why chemotherapy causes hair loss. Which
response by the nurse is accurate? - Answer-chemotherapy affects
cancer cells and normal cells that multiply rapidly
chemotherapy is cytotoxic to rapidly proliferating cells-malignant or
normal. Normal cells that turn over rapidly include? - Answer-those
of bone marrow, hair, and mucous membranes
Antiemetics are ordered to control nausea and vomiting in the child
undergoing chemotherapy. How can the nurse most effectively use
these medications? - Answer-administer the antiemetic before starting
chemotherapy
to prevent N/V throughout administration of chemotherapy you can
give antiemetics they are most effective when given? - Answer-before
chemotherapy begins and then on a regular schedule
Parents ask why their child just diagnosed with leukemia needs a
"spinal tap." Which is the best response by the nurse? - Answer-
checking the CSF will reveal whether leukemic cells have entered the
central nervous system
A nurse is teaching parents of a child with iron-deficiency anemia
how to administer ferrous sulfate. The nurse determines that the
teaching was successful when they make which statements? Select all
that apply. - Answer-We'll give him the medicine before he eats his
meals."
"He has to make sure that he brushes his teeth well."
pg. 3
, "He might get constipated, so we'll try to get him to eat some more
fiber."
"We'll have him take the liquid medicine with some orange or
pineapple juice."
complications associated with bleeding most often involve joints and
muscles. adjunct measures include? - Answer-rest
ice
compression
elevation
(RICE)
risk factors for being abusers in parents or caretakers include -
Answer-history of being abused themselves alch or substance abuse
extreme stress
vigorous shaking in the infant leads to? - Answer-intracranial
hemorrhage and shaken baby syndrome
if an infant has shaken baby syndrome what is a clinical manifestation
- Answer-intracranial hemorrhage
bruises located on the ___ are suspicious for abuse. - Answer-chest
head
neck
abdomen
burns located where are highly suspicious for inflicted burns of
abuse? - Answer-burns that occur in stocking or glove pattern
or only to the soles or palms
what may indicate sexual abuse in a child? - Answer-anus and penis
or vaginal area has bleeding or discharge
an inflamed oropharynx make indicate? - Answer-forced oral sex
pg. 4
Pathophysiology Study Guide with Core Topics, Quick Review
Notes, and Test Prep Questions with Correct Answers||Graded A+
A 12-year-old child is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of
sickle cell crisis. The nurse has completed an assessment and is
creating a plan of care. What aspect of the plan of care is most
important to the client's outcome? - Answer-increasing the daily fluid
intake hydration is paramount to resolving a sickle cell crisis
The nurse is collecting data from the caregivers of a child brought to
the clinic setting. The parents tell the nurse that the child's skin seems
to be an unusual color. The nurse notes that the child's skin appears
bronze-colored and jaundiced. This observation alerts the nurse to the
likelihood that this child has which disorder? - Answer-thalassemia
the mouth of a child receiving chemotherapy can become very
inflamed and painful. It is important of the nurse to? - Answer-assess
the oral cavity for redness, lesions, and plaques frequently use soft-
bristle toothbrush
if gums are inflamed the child may use a saltwater solution or
commercial mouthwash to keep the mouth clean
A nursing student compares and contrasts childhood and adult
cancers. Which statement does so accurately? - Answer-children
cancers unlike those of adults often are detected accidentally, not
through screening
bone marrow aspiration - Answer-provides samples of bone marrow
so the type and quantity of cells being produced can be determined
in children, the bone marrow aspirations sites used are? - Answer-the
iliac crests or spines
in a situation where the child exhibits signs of anemia related to acute
hemorrhage, the nurse should anticipate administering? - Answer-a
transfusion of packed red blood cells to improve oxygenation and
circulation
pg. 1
,a hallmark of vaso-occulsive crisis, _____, which results from the
sickled red cells and increased blood viscosity. - Answer-dactylitis
the normal absolute neutrophil count ranges from? - Answer-1.5 to 8.0
an ANC less than 1.5 in children over age 1 indicates? - Answer-
neutropenia
The nurse is caring for a child with leukemia. Which nursing
intervention would be the highest priority for this child? - Answer-
following guidelines for reverse isolation
the child with leukemia is susceptible to infection especially during
chemotherapy. Infections such as? - Answer-meningitis, septicemia,
and pneumonia are the most common causes of death
The nurse is planning care for a school-aged child recovering from
being hit by a motor vehicle while riding a bicycle. For what will the
nurse assess to determine the onset of disseminated intravascular
coagulation in this child? - Answer-bleeding from IV sites
The nurse is preparing a child for discharge following a sickle cell
crisis. Which statement by the mother indicates a need for further
teaching? - Answer-she has been down, but playing in soccer camp
will cheer her up
the most common sites for childhood cancer include? - Answer-the
blood, lymph, brain, bone, kidney and muscle
bladder is common site for adult cancer not children
neglect - Answer-is defined as failure to provide a child with
appropriate food, clothing, shelter, medical care, and schooling
risk factors for abuse in children include - Answer-poverty
prematurity
cerebral palsy
chronic illness
intellectual disability
pg. 2
,when the trait is inherited from ___, the child has sickle cell disease,
and anemia develops. The trait does not skip generations. The traits
occurs most commonly in black clients. - Answer-from both parents
(homogygous state)
After the initial assessment is performed on a child with Wilms tumor,
further palpation of the abdomen should be avoided because? -
Answer-the tumor is highly vascular and soft therefore, excessive
handling of the tumor may result in tumor seeding and metastasis.
A teenage girl asks why chemotherapy causes hair loss. Which
response by the nurse is accurate? - Answer-chemotherapy affects
cancer cells and normal cells that multiply rapidly
chemotherapy is cytotoxic to rapidly proliferating cells-malignant or
normal. Normal cells that turn over rapidly include? - Answer-those
of bone marrow, hair, and mucous membranes
Antiemetics are ordered to control nausea and vomiting in the child
undergoing chemotherapy. How can the nurse most effectively use
these medications? - Answer-administer the antiemetic before starting
chemotherapy
to prevent N/V throughout administration of chemotherapy you can
give antiemetics they are most effective when given? - Answer-before
chemotherapy begins and then on a regular schedule
Parents ask why their child just diagnosed with leukemia needs a
"spinal tap." Which is the best response by the nurse? - Answer-
checking the CSF will reveal whether leukemic cells have entered the
central nervous system
A nurse is teaching parents of a child with iron-deficiency anemia
how to administer ferrous sulfate. The nurse determines that the
teaching was successful when they make which statements? Select all
that apply. - Answer-We'll give him the medicine before he eats his
meals."
"He has to make sure that he brushes his teeth well."
pg. 3
, "He might get constipated, so we'll try to get him to eat some more
fiber."
"We'll have him take the liquid medicine with some orange or
pineapple juice."
complications associated with bleeding most often involve joints and
muscles. adjunct measures include? - Answer-rest
ice
compression
elevation
(RICE)
risk factors for being abusers in parents or caretakers include -
Answer-history of being abused themselves alch or substance abuse
extreme stress
vigorous shaking in the infant leads to? - Answer-intracranial
hemorrhage and shaken baby syndrome
if an infant has shaken baby syndrome what is a clinical manifestation
- Answer-intracranial hemorrhage
bruises located on the ___ are suspicious for abuse. - Answer-chest
head
neck
abdomen
burns located where are highly suspicious for inflicted burns of
abuse? - Answer-burns that occur in stocking or glove pattern
or only to the soles or palms
what may indicate sexual abuse in a child? - Answer-anus and penis
or vaginal area has bleeding or discharge
an inflamed oropharynx make indicate? - Answer-forced oral sex
pg. 4
