Maryville Patho Nurs 611 Exam 2. Dr.
Wunderlich.All Needed To Pass
A programmed cell death - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔What is Apoptosis?
Death of most or all of the cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury, or failure of
the blood supply. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔What is necrosis?
1) Rapid loss of of the plasma membrane structure
2) Organelle swelling
3) Mitochondrial dysfunction - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Characteristics of tissue
necrosis
What is the #1 major cause of cellular injury leading to necrosis. (especially the kidney
and heart) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Hypoxia
Is an increase in the size of cells - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔What is hypertrophy?
Hypertrophy of myocardial cells such as in endurance training - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔Physiologic hypertrophy
Occurs secondary to HTN - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Pathologic hypertrophy
Increase in the number of cells - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔What is Hyperplasia
Endometrial hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Pathological hyperplasia
Removal of 70% of the liver- can regenerate in about 2 weeks - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔Compensatory hyperplasia
https://www.stuvia.com/user/Edufiles
, Replacement of cells - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔What is Metaplasia
Normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the brohchial lining have been replaced by
stratified squamous epithelial cells - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Example of Metaplasia
Reduction in ATP levels causes the plasma membrane's sodium-potassium pump and
sodium-calcium exchange to fail, which leads to an intracellular accumulation of sodium
and calcium and diffusion of potassium out of the cell. Sodium and water then can enter
the cell freely, and cellular swelling results. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔During ischemia,
what effect does the loss of the ATP levels have on cells?
These reactive oxygen species play major roles in the initiation and progression of
cardiovascular alterations associated with hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus,
hypertension, ischemic heart diseases, and chronic heart failure. - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which
diseases?
Electrically uncharged atom or group of atoms having an unpaired electron. -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔What are free radicals?
Having one unpaired electron makes the molecule unstable; thus to stabilize, it gives up
an electron to another molecule or steals one. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔How are free
radicals formed?
Are capable of injurious chemical bond formation with proteins, lipids, carbohydrates -
key molecules in membranes and nucleic acids. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Free radical
species
Enzymatic digestion of cellular organelles, including the nucleus and nucleolus, halting
synthesis of DNA and RNA - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔What are the Lysosomes?
membrane-bound organelles in most Eukaryotic cells, primarily involved in lipid
metabolism and the conversion of reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide
into safer molecules like water and oxygen - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔What are
peroxisomes?
Liver enzymes metabolize ethanol to acetaldehyde which causes hepatic cellular
dysfunction. Peroxisomes help detoxify ethanol. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔How does
the body metabolize Ethanol
DNA - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Which cell component is the most vulnerable target of
radiation?
Muscular atrophy - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔What is Sarcopenia
https://www.stuvia.com/user/Edufiles
Wunderlich.All Needed To Pass
A programmed cell death - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔What is Apoptosis?
Death of most or all of the cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury, or failure of
the blood supply. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔What is necrosis?
1) Rapid loss of of the plasma membrane structure
2) Organelle swelling
3) Mitochondrial dysfunction - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Characteristics of tissue
necrosis
What is the #1 major cause of cellular injury leading to necrosis. (especially the kidney
and heart) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Hypoxia
Is an increase in the size of cells - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔What is hypertrophy?
Hypertrophy of myocardial cells such as in endurance training - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔Physiologic hypertrophy
Occurs secondary to HTN - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Pathologic hypertrophy
Increase in the number of cells - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔What is Hyperplasia
Endometrial hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Pathological hyperplasia
Removal of 70% of the liver- can regenerate in about 2 weeks - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔Compensatory hyperplasia
https://www.stuvia.com/user/Edufiles
, Replacement of cells - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔What is Metaplasia
Normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the brohchial lining have been replaced by
stratified squamous epithelial cells - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Example of Metaplasia
Reduction in ATP levels causes the plasma membrane's sodium-potassium pump and
sodium-calcium exchange to fail, which leads to an intracellular accumulation of sodium
and calcium and diffusion of potassium out of the cell. Sodium and water then can enter
the cell freely, and cellular swelling results. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔During ischemia,
what effect does the loss of the ATP levels have on cells?
These reactive oxygen species play major roles in the initiation and progression of
cardiovascular alterations associated with hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus,
hypertension, ischemic heart diseases, and chronic heart failure. - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which
diseases?
Electrically uncharged atom or group of atoms having an unpaired electron. -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔What are free radicals?
Having one unpaired electron makes the molecule unstable; thus to stabilize, it gives up
an electron to another molecule or steals one. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔How are free
radicals formed?
Are capable of injurious chemical bond formation with proteins, lipids, carbohydrates -
key molecules in membranes and nucleic acids. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Free radical
species
Enzymatic digestion of cellular organelles, including the nucleus and nucleolus, halting
synthesis of DNA and RNA - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔What are the Lysosomes?
membrane-bound organelles in most Eukaryotic cells, primarily involved in lipid
metabolism and the conversion of reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide
into safer molecules like water and oxygen - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔What are
peroxisomes?
Liver enzymes metabolize ethanol to acetaldehyde which causes hepatic cellular
dysfunction. Peroxisomes help detoxify ethanol. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔How does
the body metabolize Ethanol
DNA - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Which cell component is the most vulnerable target of
radiation?
Muscular atrophy - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔What is Sarcopenia
https://www.stuvia.com/user/Edufiles
