Fluoroscopy Exam with verified detailed answers ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
What is the maximum mA used when operating fluoroscopy? - correct answer✔✔The
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
maximum mA used during fluoroscopy is 5mA or less. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Despite lower mA, the patient dose is higher during fluoroscopy than it is in radiographic
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
exams because the x-ray beam exposes the patient for a considerably longer period of time.
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
What structure of the eye is responsible for scotopic vision? - correct answer✔✔Rods cell
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
(almost entirely responsible for night vision) more sensitive than cone cells.
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Personnel wearing protective lead aprons during a procedure where the minimum
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
exposure rate is 5mR/hr must contain the equivalent of what
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
thickness in lead? - correct answer✔✔.25mm lead equivalent (according to NCRP)
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Total Brightness Gain is determined by which 2 factors? - correct answer✔✔It is
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
determined by minification gain & flux gain. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Total brightness gain is a measurement of the increase in image intensity achieved by an
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
image intensification tube.
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Cones are used primarily for daylight vision. This type of vision is referred to as? - correct
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
answer✔✔Photopic vision ||\\|//||
What is the minimum filtration required for fluoroscopy machines? - correct
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
answer✔✔2.5mm Aluminum or Aluminum equivalent ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
,In DF, spatial resolution is determined by what 2 components? - correct answer✔✔In DF,
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spatial resolution is determined both by image matrix and by the size of the image
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
intensifier. ||\\|//||
Spatial resolution is limited by pixel size. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
What is the formula used to determine brightness gain? - correct answer✔✔Minification
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Gain X Flux Gain ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
What is the Input Phosphor is made up of? - correct answer✔✔Cesium Iodide (CsI)
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
What does the Image Intensifier of a fluoroscopic machine do? - correct answer✔✔The
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Image Intensifier raises the intensity of available light into the cone-vision region, where
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
visual acuity is the greatest. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
What is NOT a non-stochastic effect? - correct answer✔✔They do not cause genetic effects
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(cancer)
Non-stochastic effects are biologic somatic effects that exhibit a threshold dose below ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
which the effect does not occur. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Stochastic Effects are? - correct answer✔✔Stochastic effects are effects that occur by ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
chance and which may occur without a threshold level of dose. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
The probability is proportional to the dose and the severity is independent of
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
the dose. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
, In the context of radiation protection, the main stochastic effect is cancer.
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Radiographs and image intensified fluoroscopic images are best visualized under what ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
illumination levels? - correct answer✔✔under illumination levels of 10 to 1000ml ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
(milliamberts)
Which part of the eye behaves like a diaphragm of a photographic camera to control the
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
amount of light emitted to the eye? - correct answer✔✔The Iris ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
The iris is located between the cornea & the
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
lens of the eye. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
During low light conditions, the iris dilates & allows for more light to enter.
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
What is vignetting? - correct answer✔✔Vignetting is the loss of brightness at the edge of
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
the image. ||\\|//||
The following factors influence dose rate at a table top fluoroscopic machine: - correct
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
answer✔✔mA
kVp
Collimation
Filtration
Exposure time ||\\|//||
Target panel distance ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Fovea Centralis is? - correct answer✔✔Fovea Centralis are cones concentrated at the
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
center of the retina. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
What is the maximum mA used when operating fluoroscopy? - correct answer✔✔The
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
maximum mA used during fluoroscopy is 5mA or less. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Despite lower mA, the patient dose is higher during fluoroscopy than it is in radiographic
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
exams because the x-ray beam exposes the patient for a considerably longer period of time.
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
What structure of the eye is responsible for scotopic vision? - correct answer✔✔Rods cell
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
(almost entirely responsible for night vision) more sensitive than cone cells.
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Personnel wearing protective lead aprons during a procedure where the minimum
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
exposure rate is 5mR/hr must contain the equivalent of what
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
thickness in lead? - correct answer✔✔.25mm lead equivalent (according to NCRP)
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Total Brightness Gain is determined by which 2 factors? - correct answer✔✔It is
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
determined by minification gain & flux gain. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Total brightness gain is a measurement of the increase in image intensity achieved by an
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
image intensification tube.
||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Cones are used primarily for daylight vision. This type of vision is referred to as? - correct
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
answer✔✔Photopic vision ||\\|//||
What is the minimum filtration required for fluoroscopy machines? - correct
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
answer✔✔2.5mm Aluminum or Aluminum equivalent ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
,In DF, spatial resolution is determined by what 2 components? - correct answer✔✔In DF,
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
spatial resolution is determined both by image matrix and by the size of the image
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
intensifier. ||\\|//||
Spatial resolution is limited by pixel size. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
What is the formula used to determine brightness gain? - correct answer✔✔Minification
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Gain X Flux Gain ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
What is the Input Phosphor is made up of? - correct answer✔✔Cesium Iodide (CsI)
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
What does the Image Intensifier of a fluoroscopic machine do? - correct answer✔✔The
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Image Intensifier raises the intensity of available light into the cone-vision region, where
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
visual acuity is the greatest. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
What is NOT a non-stochastic effect? - correct answer✔✔They do not cause genetic effects
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
(cancer)
Non-stochastic effects are biologic somatic effects that exhibit a threshold dose below ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
which the effect does not occur. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Stochastic Effects are? - correct answer✔✔Stochastic effects are effects that occur by ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
chance and which may occur without a threshold level of dose. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
The probability is proportional to the dose and the severity is independent of
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
the dose. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
, In the context of radiation protection, the main stochastic effect is cancer.
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Radiographs and image intensified fluoroscopic images are best visualized under what ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
illumination levels? - correct answer✔✔under illumination levels of 10 to 1000ml ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
(milliamberts)
Which part of the eye behaves like a diaphragm of a photographic camera to control the
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
amount of light emitted to the eye? - correct answer✔✔The Iris ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
The iris is located between the cornea & the
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
lens of the eye. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
During low light conditions, the iris dilates & allows for more light to enter.
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
What is vignetting? - correct answer✔✔Vignetting is the loss of brightness at the edge of
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
the image. ||\\|//||
The following factors influence dose rate at a table top fluoroscopic machine: - correct
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
answer✔✔mA
kVp
Collimation
Filtration
Exposure time ||\\|//||
Target panel distance ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Fovea Centralis is? - correct answer✔✔Fovea Centralis are cones concentrated at the
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
center of the retina. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
