BPK 241 Midterm Exam Questions
and Answers
Why is a syndrome a syndrome - Answer- because it can have multiple causes
Possible causes of exercise-induced lower leg pain - Answer- - poor running mechanics
- improper footwear
- foot shape/biomechanics
- lower limb structural abnormalities
- muscle tightness/imbalance
- poor conditioning/overweight
- improper warmup/training
- terrain/training surfaces
How much energy does protein provide and what is the function - Answer- 4kcals/g (20-
25%)
- related to hormones, stored as fat or burned off as energy
- not primary source of energy
How much energy does carbs provide and what is the function - Answer- 4kcals/g (55-
60%)
- metabolized into glucose as energy
- stored as glycogen in liver and muscles
- avg athlete carries 1500-2000 calories
How much energy does fat provide and what is the function - Answer- 9kcals/g (15-
20%)
- fuel for light to moderate intensity exercise
- avg athlete carries 80000 calories in fat
Steps in stress overload cycle - Answer- muscle fatigue > loss of shock absorption >
structural stress to bone > remodeling process > pain > voluntary/involuntary disuse >
muscle inhibition/atrophy
injury prevention methods - Answer- reduction of force, strengthening body parts,
screening of participants
reduction of force steps - Answer- protective equipments, technique development,
balanced opponents, taping, rules/enforcement
,strengthening of body parts steps - Answer- strength, endurance depending on sport
screening of participants steps - Answer- determine if athlete is fit to perform, medical
assessments
primary prevention - Answer- things we do to prevent injury/illness
- warm up
- stretching
- training
secondary prevention - Answer- once injury/illness has occurred
- antibiotics/anti-inflammatories
- rehab (physio, chiro)
- taping/braces on return to sport
tertiary prevention - Answer- things we do when original function can not be restored
- reduce long term impariment
- improve quality of life
what is the importance of preparation - Answer- decrease incidence and severity of
injury
isotonic vs isometric - Answer- isometric - muscle contracts but doesnt lengthen
isotonic = eccentric vs concentric
eccentric - contracting/lengthening
concentric - contracting/shortening
gross vs fine motor skills - Answer- gross = large muscle groups
fine = smaller muscle groups
open vs closed skills and examples - Answer- open = constantly changing (softball)
closed = track and field
protective measures of equipment - Answer- - absorbs energy
- disperses energy
- deflects blow
- limits excess movement
nutritients and their classes - Answer- macro:
- protein
- carbs
- fats
- water
micro:
, - vitamins
- minerals
- water
role of nutrients - Answer- - growth and repair
- regulate body functions
- provide energy
role of vitamins and minerals - Answer- - metabolize carbs and fats
- repair and building of muscle protein
- 20 minerals in body and stored in liver and bones
fat-soluble vitamins - Answer- ADEK
water soluble vitamins - Answer- BC
major minerals body needs daily - Answer- sodium, chlorine, calcium, phosphorus,
magnesium, sulphur
trace minerals - Answer- iron, iodide, copper, manganese, flouride, selenium,
chromium, molybdenum
what % of body weight is water and what is it used for in the body - Answer- 60%
- digestion
- temp control
- eliminating waste
- preventing dehydration
too much water - Answer- hyponatremia or hyperhydration
what level of water loss can negatively affect performance - Answer- 2%
early signs of dehydration - Answer- - thirst
- headache
- tiredness/weakness
late signs of dehydration - Answer- - nausea
- dizziness
- confusion
- fainting
what % of water loss can cause death - Answer- over 10-20%
exertional heat disorders - Answer- cramping - excessive sweating, muscle
cramps/twitches
heat exhaustion - long period of fluid loss, activity in high temps
and Answers
Why is a syndrome a syndrome - Answer- because it can have multiple causes
Possible causes of exercise-induced lower leg pain - Answer- - poor running mechanics
- improper footwear
- foot shape/biomechanics
- lower limb structural abnormalities
- muscle tightness/imbalance
- poor conditioning/overweight
- improper warmup/training
- terrain/training surfaces
How much energy does protein provide and what is the function - Answer- 4kcals/g (20-
25%)
- related to hormones, stored as fat or burned off as energy
- not primary source of energy
How much energy does carbs provide and what is the function - Answer- 4kcals/g (55-
60%)
- metabolized into glucose as energy
- stored as glycogen in liver and muscles
- avg athlete carries 1500-2000 calories
How much energy does fat provide and what is the function - Answer- 9kcals/g (15-
20%)
- fuel for light to moderate intensity exercise
- avg athlete carries 80000 calories in fat
Steps in stress overload cycle - Answer- muscle fatigue > loss of shock absorption >
structural stress to bone > remodeling process > pain > voluntary/involuntary disuse >
muscle inhibition/atrophy
injury prevention methods - Answer- reduction of force, strengthening body parts,
screening of participants
reduction of force steps - Answer- protective equipments, technique development,
balanced opponents, taping, rules/enforcement
,strengthening of body parts steps - Answer- strength, endurance depending on sport
screening of participants steps - Answer- determine if athlete is fit to perform, medical
assessments
primary prevention - Answer- things we do to prevent injury/illness
- warm up
- stretching
- training
secondary prevention - Answer- once injury/illness has occurred
- antibiotics/anti-inflammatories
- rehab (physio, chiro)
- taping/braces on return to sport
tertiary prevention - Answer- things we do when original function can not be restored
- reduce long term impariment
- improve quality of life
what is the importance of preparation - Answer- decrease incidence and severity of
injury
isotonic vs isometric - Answer- isometric - muscle contracts but doesnt lengthen
isotonic = eccentric vs concentric
eccentric - contracting/lengthening
concentric - contracting/shortening
gross vs fine motor skills - Answer- gross = large muscle groups
fine = smaller muscle groups
open vs closed skills and examples - Answer- open = constantly changing (softball)
closed = track and field
protective measures of equipment - Answer- - absorbs energy
- disperses energy
- deflects blow
- limits excess movement
nutritients and their classes - Answer- macro:
- protein
- carbs
- fats
- water
micro:
, - vitamins
- minerals
- water
role of nutrients - Answer- - growth and repair
- regulate body functions
- provide energy
role of vitamins and minerals - Answer- - metabolize carbs and fats
- repair and building of muscle protein
- 20 minerals in body and stored in liver and bones
fat-soluble vitamins - Answer- ADEK
water soluble vitamins - Answer- BC
major minerals body needs daily - Answer- sodium, chlorine, calcium, phosphorus,
magnesium, sulphur
trace minerals - Answer- iron, iodide, copper, manganese, flouride, selenium,
chromium, molybdenum
what % of body weight is water and what is it used for in the body - Answer- 60%
- digestion
- temp control
- eliminating waste
- preventing dehydration
too much water - Answer- hyponatremia or hyperhydration
what level of water loss can negatively affect performance - Answer- 2%
early signs of dehydration - Answer- - thirst
- headache
- tiredness/weakness
late signs of dehydration - Answer- - nausea
- dizziness
- confusion
- fainting
what % of water loss can cause death - Answer- over 10-20%
exertional heat disorders - Answer- cramping - excessive sweating, muscle
cramps/twitches
heat exhaustion - long period of fluid loss, activity in high temps
