NURSING PHARMATOLOGY;COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE ,QUESTION AND ANSWER
Absorption –answer; The process by which drug molecules move from their site of
administration to the blood.
Affinity –Answer; The ability of some tissues to attract, accumulate and store drugs in
high concentrations relative to other tissues
.
Blood-brain barrier –Answer; capillaries that selectively let certain substances enter the
brain tissue and keep other substances out.
Diffusion –Answer; The process by which molecules move from an area where they are
more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated..
Distribution –Answer; The transit of drugs throughout the body after they are absorbed.
Drug-protein complexes –Answer; formed when a drug that binds reversibly to a plasma
protein, most likely albumin, that makes the drug unavailable for distribution to its site of
action
Enterohepatic recirculation –Answer; recycling of drugs and other substances by the
circulation of bile through the intestine and liver
Enzyme induction –Answer; process by which a drug increases the activity of the
hepatic microsomal enzymes.
Excretion –Answer; The process of releasing substances from the body
First-pass effect –Answer; mechanism where by drugs are absorbed infiltrate into the
hepatic portal circulation and are deactivated by the liver before they reach the general
circulation system.
Fetal-placental barrier –Answer; A special anatomic barrier that contains many
chemicals and drugs from entering the embryo.
Hepatic microsomal enzyme system –Answer; Liver enzymes that metabolize drugs as
well as nutrients and other endogenous substances .Also known as the P-450 System
Isozymes –Answer; multiple comparable forms of an enzyme that perform slightly
distinct metabolic functions.
Loading dose –Answer; relatively large dose of a drug given at the beginning of
treatment to rapidly obtain a therapeutic response
Maintenance doses –Answer; A certain amount of drug that keeps the plasma drug
concentration in the therapeutic extent.
, NURSING PHARMATOLOGY;COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE ,QUESTION AND ANSWER
Metabolism –Answer; The process used by the body to chemically change a drug
molecule, also called biotransformation.
Minimum effective concentration –Answer; Amount of drug required to produce a
therapeutic effect.
Pharmacokinetics –Answer; study of drug movement throughout the body.
Plasma half-life –Answer; The length of time required for the plasma concentration of a
drug to decrease by one half after administration.
Prodrugs –Answer; Medicines that become more active after they are metabolized.
Substrate –Answer; Drug that is metabolized by a CYP enzyme.
Therapeutic drug monitoring –Answer; Practice of monitoring plasma levels of drughs
that have low safety profiles and using the data to predict drug, action or toxicity
Therapeutic range –Answer; Dosage that produces the desired effects of a drug.
toxic concentration -answerlevel of drug that results in serious adverse effects
agonist -answerdrug that activates a receptor and produces the same type of response
as the endogenous substance
antagonist -answeragent that blocks the response of another drug
dose-response relationship -answerthe way a patient responds to varying doses of a
drug
efficacy -answerthe maximal response that can be produced from a particular drug
frequency distrubtion curve -answera graphic representation of the actual number of
patients responding to a particular drug action at different doses
idiosyncratic response -answerunpredictable and unexplained drug reaction
intrinsic activity -answerthe ability of a drug to bind to a receptor and produce a strong
action
margin of safety (MOS) -answerthe amount of drug that is lethal to 1% of anmals
divided by the amount of drug that produces a therapeutic effect in 99% of the animals
median effective dose (ED50) -answerthe dose of a drug required to produce a specific
therapeutic response in 50% of a group of patients
Absorption –answer; The process by which drug molecules move from their site of
administration to the blood.
Affinity –Answer; The ability of some tissues to attract, accumulate and store drugs in
high concentrations relative to other tissues
.
Blood-brain barrier –Answer; capillaries that selectively let certain substances enter the
brain tissue and keep other substances out.
Diffusion –Answer; The process by which molecules move from an area where they are
more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated..
Distribution –Answer; The transit of drugs throughout the body after they are absorbed.
Drug-protein complexes –Answer; formed when a drug that binds reversibly to a plasma
protein, most likely albumin, that makes the drug unavailable for distribution to its site of
action
Enterohepatic recirculation –Answer; recycling of drugs and other substances by the
circulation of bile through the intestine and liver
Enzyme induction –Answer; process by which a drug increases the activity of the
hepatic microsomal enzymes.
Excretion –Answer; The process of releasing substances from the body
First-pass effect –Answer; mechanism where by drugs are absorbed infiltrate into the
hepatic portal circulation and are deactivated by the liver before they reach the general
circulation system.
Fetal-placental barrier –Answer; A special anatomic barrier that contains many
chemicals and drugs from entering the embryo.
Hepatic microsomal enzyme system –Answer; Liver enzymes that metabolize drugs as
well as nutrients and other endogenous substances .Also known as the P-450 System
Isozymes –Answer; multiple comparable forms of an enzyme that perform slightly
distinct metabolic functions.
Loading dose –Answer; relatively large dose of a drug given at the beginning of
treatment to rapidly obtain a therapeutic response
Maintenance doses –Answer; A certain amount of drug that keeps the plasma drug
concentration in the therapeutic extent.
, NURSING PHARMATOLOGY;COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE ,QUESTION AND ANSWER
Metabolism –Answer; The process used by the body to chemically change a drug
molecule, also called biotransformation.
Minimum effective concentration –Answer; Amount of drug required to produce a
therapeutic effect.
Pharmacokinetics –Answer; study of drug movement throughout the body.
Plasma half-life –Answer; The length of time required for the plasma concentration of a
drug to decrease by one half after administration.
Prodrugs –Answer; Medicines that become more active after they are metabolized.
Substrate –Answer; Drug that is metabolized by a CYP enzyme.
Therapeutic drug monitoring –Answer; Practice of monitoring plasma levels of drughs
that have low safety profiles and using the data to predict drug, action or toxicity
Therapeutic range –Answer; Dosage that produces the desired effects of a drug.
toxic concentration -answerlevel of drug that results in serious adverse effects
agonist -answerdrug that activates a receptor and produces the same type of response
as the endogenous substance
antagonist -answeragent that blocks the response of another drug
dose-response relationship -answerthe way a patient responds to varying doses of a
drug
efficacy -answerthe maximal response that can be produced from a particular drug
frequency distrubtion curve -answera graphic representation of the actual number of
patients responding to a particular drug action at different doses
idiosyncratic response -answerunpredictable and unexplained drug reaction
intrinsic activity -answerthe ability of a drug to bind to a receptor and produce a strong
action
margin of safety (MOS) -answerthe amount of drug that is lethal to 1% of anmals
divided by the amount of drug that produces a therapeutic effect in 99% of the animals
median effective dose (ED50) -answerthe dose of a drug required to produce a specific
therapeutic response in 50% of a group of patients
