Human Physiology Exam 1 Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hsz1am
1. Define physiology.: The study of body functions.
2. What are the basic cell functions.: 1. Obtaining oxygen and nutrients.
2. Performing energy-generating chemical reactions.
3. Eliminating wastes
4. Synthesizing proteins and other cell components
5. Controlling movement of materials b/w the cell and its environment.
6. Moving materials throughout the cell.
7. Responding to the environment.
8. Reproducing.
3. Define homeostasis.: The maintenance of a dynamic steady state in the internal environment.
4. Which of the following is not carried out by every cell in the body?: Reproducing
5. Which of the following is the proper progression of the levels of organization
in the body?: chemicals, cells, tissues, organs, body systems, whole body
6. Cells in a multicellular organism have specialized to such an extent that they
have little in common with single celled organisms?: False
7. Cell specializations are usually a modification or elaboration of one of the
basic cell functions?: True
8. The primary types of tissue are...: muscle, epithelial, connective, nervous
9. The term __ refers to the release from a cell, in response to appropriate
stimulation, of specific products that have been synthesized largely by the
cell.: Secretion
10. __ glands secret through ducts to the outside of the body, whereas ___ glands
release their secretory products, known as ____, internally into the blood.: Ex-
ocrine, endocrine, hormones
11. ___ controls are inherent to an organ, whereas __ controls are regulatory
mechanisms initiated outside an organ that alter the activity of the organ.: -
intrinsic, extrinsic
12. Circulatory System.: Acts as the transport system.
13. Digestive System.: Obtains nutrients, water, and electrolytes.
14. Respiratory System: Obtains oxygen and eliminates CO2.
15. Urinary System.: Removes wastes and excess water, salt, and other electrolytes.
16. Muscular and skeletal systems.: Supports, protects, and moves body parts.
1/5
, Human Physiology Exam 1 Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hsz1am
17. Integumentary.: Serves as an outer protective barrier.
18. Immune system: Defends against foreign invaders and cancer.
19. Nervous system: Acts through electrical signals to control the body's rapid responses.
20. Endocrine System.: Controls, via hormones it secretes, processes that require duration.
21. Reproductive System.: Perpetuates the species.
22. The barrier that separates and controls movement b/w the cell contents and
the extracellular fluid is the __.: plasma membrane
23. The chemical that directs protein synthesis and serves as a genetic blueprint
is __, which is found in the __ of the cell.: DNA, nucleus
24. The cytoplasm consists of ___, which are discrete, specialized, intracellular
compartments, a gel-like mass known as __, and an elaborate protein scaffold-
ing called the ___.: organelles, cytosol, cytoskeleton
25. Transport vesicles from the __ fuse with and enter the __ for modification and
sorting.: endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex
26. The ___ enzymes within the peroxisomes primarily detoxify various wastes
produced within the cell or foreign compounds that have entered the cell.: ox-
idative
27. The universal energy carrier of the body is __.: ATP adenosine triphosphate
28. The largest cells in the human body can be seen by the unaided eye.: F
29. Amoeboid movement is accomplished by the coordinated assembly and
disassembly of microtubules.: F
30. Synthesizes proteins to construct new cell membrane.: rough ER-bound ribosome.
31. Synthesizes proteins used intracellularly within the cytosol.: Free ribosome.
32. Synthesizes secretory proteins such as enzymes or hormones.: Rough ER-bound
ribosome.
33. Takes place in the mitochondrial matrix: Citric acid cycle
34. Produces water as a by-product: Oxidative phosphorylation
35. Results in a rich yield of ATP.: Oxidative phosphorylation
36. Takes place in the cytosol.: Glycolysis
37. Processes acetyl CoA.: Citric acid cycle
38. Takes place in the mitochondrial inner-membrane cristae.: Oxidative phosphorylation
39. Converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules.: Glycolysis
2/5
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hsz1am
1. Define physiology.: The study of body functions.
2. What are the basic cell functions.: 1. Obtaining oxygen and nutrients.
2. Performing energy-generating chemical reactions.
3. Eliminating wastes
4. Synthesizing proteins and other cell components
5. Controlling movement of materials b/w the cell and its environment.
6. Moving materials throughout the cell.
7. Responding to the environment.
8. Reproducing.
3. Define homeostasis.: The maintenance of a dynamic steady state in the internal environment.
4. Which of the following is not carried out by every cell in the body?: Reproducing
5. Which of the following is the proper progression of the levels of organization
in the body?: chemicals, cells, tissues, organs, body systems, whole body
6. Cells in a multicellular organism have specialized to such an extent that they
have little in common with single celled organisms?: False
7. Cell specializations are usually a modification or elaboration of one of the
basic cell functions?: True
8. The primary types of tissue are...: muscle, epithelial, connective, nervous
9. The term __ refers to the release from a cell, in response to appropriate
stimulation, of specific products that have been synthesized largely by the
cell.: Secretion
10. __ glands secret through ducts to the outside of the body, whereas ___ glands
release their secretory products, known as ____, internally into the blood.: Ex-
ocrine, endocrine, hormones
11. ___ controls are inherent to an organ, whereas __ controls are regulatory
mechanisms initiated outside an organ that alter the activity of the organ.: -
intrinsic, extrinsic
12. Circulatory System.: Acts as the transport system.
13. Digestive System.: Obtains nutrients, water, and electrolytes.
14. Respiratory System: Obtains oxygen and eliminates CO2.
15. Urinary System.: Removes wastes and excess water, salt, and other electrolytes.
16. Muscular and skeletal systems.: Supports, protects, and moves body parts.
1/5
, Human Physiology Exam 1 Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hsz1am
17. Integumentary.: Serves as an outer protective barrier.
18. Immune system: Defends against foreign invaders and cancer.
19. Nervous system: Acts through electrical signals to control the body's rapid responses.
20. Endocrine System.: Controls, via hormones it secretes, processes that require duration.
21. Reproductive System.: Perpetuates the species.
22. The barrier that separates and controls movement b/w the cell contents and
the extracellular fluid is the __.: plasma membrane
23. The chemical that directs protein synthesis and serves as a genetic blueprint
is __, which is found in the __ of the cell.: DNA, nucleus
24. The cytoplasm consists of ___, which are discrete, specialized, intracellular
compartments, a gel-like mass known as __, and an elaborate protein scaffold-
ing called the ___.: organelles, cytosol, cytoskeleton
25. Transport vesicles from the __ fuse with and enter the __ for modification and
sorting.: endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex
26. The ___ enzymes within the peroxisomes primarily detoxify various wastes
produced within the cell or foreign compounds that have entered the cell.: ox-
idative
27. The universal energy carrier of the body is __.: ATP adenosine triphosphate
28. The largest cells in the human body can be seen by the unaided eye.: F
29. Amoeboid movement is accomplished by the coordinated assembly and
disassembly of microtubules.: F
30. Synthesizes proteins to construct new cell membrane.: rough ER-bound ribosome.
31. Synthesizes proteins used intracellularly within the cytosol.: Free ribosome.
32. Synthesizes secretory proteins such as enzymes or hormones.: Rough ER-bound
ribosome.
33. Takes place in the mitochondrial matrix: Citric acid cycle
34. Produces water as a by-product: Oxidative phosphorylation
35. Results in a rich yield of ATP.: Oxidative phosphorylation
36. Takes place in the cytosol.: Glycolysis
37. Processes acetyl CoA.: Citric acid cycle
38. Takes place in the mitochondrial inner-membrane cristae.: Oxidative phosphorylation
39. Converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules.: Glycolysis
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