NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM REVIEW |QUESTIONS AND
ACCURATE DETAILED ANSWERS (100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS)
|PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM NEWEST!!! 2025/2026 |ALREADY
GRADED A+.
MODULE I: PAIN
The system responsible for an individual's emotional and behavioural responses to pain is
the:
A. sensory/discriminative system
B. motivational/affective system
C. sensory/motivational system
D. cognitive/evaluative system - CORRECT ✓✓ B
A 55 year old male presented to his doctor complaining of severe headache. Investigative
tests suggested his pain was psychogenic in nature. This type of pain:
A is associated with stimulation of internal nociceptors
B is caused by damage to one or more cranial nerves
C is attributed to damage within the central nervous system
D appears to have no underlying pathology - CORRECT ✓✓ D
The pain that occurs to a stimulus such as light stroking that normally does not provoke pain
is termed:
A hyperalgesia
B analgesia
C allodynia
D causalgia - CORRECT ✓✓ C
Pain that is felt in a different body part to the source of pain is called:
A neuropathic pain
B referred pain
1
, C psychogenic pain
D hyperalgesia - CORRECT ✓✓ B
Chronic pain is pain that has lasted longer than:
A 1 month
B 3 months
C 1 year
D 2-3 years - CORRECT ✓✓ B
A 20-year-old female pricked her left hand while sewing. Which area in her brain would have
received the pain signal/s and perceived them as pain?
A right somatosensory cortex
B left somatosensory cortex
C right precentral gyrus on the frontal lobe
D left precentral gyrus on the frontal lobe - CORRECT ✓✓ A
One location in which nociceptors can be found is the:
A skin
B spinal cord
C efferent pathways
D hypothalamus - CORRECT ✓✓ A
Cutaneous polymodal nociceptors are activated by:
A mechanical injury only
B thermal stimuli, eg heat only
C light touch and gentle stroking
D mechanical injury, heat and chemicals - CORRECT ✓✓ D
Which CNS tract is responsible for carrying sensory information from the nociceptors to the
brain?
A spinothalamic
B corticospinal
C corticobulbular
2
, D reticulospinal - CORRECT ✓✓ A
Inflammation in visceral tissues activates:
A thermoreceptors
B cutaneous nociceptors
C efferent pathways
D silent nociceptors - CORRECT ✓✓ D
Which one of the following is an excitatory neuromodulator that enhances pain
transmission?
A beta endorphin
B encephalin
C substance P
D dynorphin - CORRECT ✓✓ C
A 15-year-old female scrapes her knee while playing soccer and complains of sharp and well-
localised pain. Which of the following would most accurately characterise her pain?
A chronic pain
B referred pain
C somatic pain
D visceral pain - CORRECT ✓✓ C
A 50-year-old male crushed his hand while working in a sawmill. Long after his injury has
healed he still feels burning pain in his hand. This pain is referred to as:
A neuropathic pain
B peripheral pain
C psychogenic pain
D acute pain - CORRECT ✓✓ A
The pain threshold in children is:
A higher than that of adults
B lower than that of adults
C the same as that of adults
3
, D not related to that of adults - CORRECT ✓✓ B
The lowest intensity of a stimulus that is perceived as painful is termed:
A affective - motivational aspect
B pain sensitisation
C pain threshold
D pain tolerance - CORRECT ✓✓ C
A 76-year-old female presented to her doctor complaining of burning pain extending across
the right side of her upper back. On examination she had no obvious skin lesions but she did
have shingles 12 months ago. The type of pain she has is likely to be:
A trigeminal neuralgia
B post herpetic neuralgia
C diabetic neuropathy
D psychogenic pain - CORRECT ✓✓ B
Which psychological factors may increase a person's tolerance to pain?
A depression
B empathy
C anxiety
D fear - CORRECT ✓✓ B
A pain caused by a compressed nerve may be described as:
A throbbing, burning and stinging
B a persistent diffuse ache
C burning, shooting and tingling
D deep, diffuse and nagging - CORRECT ✓✓ C
For optimum pain management:
A withhold opioid treatment where possible, to prevent development of tolerance
B treatment should be given only on demand
C step up doses using an analgesic ladder
D treat the symptoms before examining the primary cause - CORRECT ✓✓ C
4
ACCURATE DETAILED ANSWERS (100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS)
|PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM NEWEST!!! 2025/2026 |ALREADY
GRADED A+.
MODULE I: PAIN
The system responsible for an individual's emotional and behavioural responses to pain is
the:
A. sensory/discriminative system
B. motivational/affective system
C. sensory/motivational system
D. cognitive/evaluative system - CORRECT ✓✓ B
A 55 year old male presented to his doctor complaining of severe headache. Investigative
tests suggested his pain was psychogenic in nature. This type of pain:
A is associated with stimulation of internal nociceptors
B is caused by damage to one or more cranial nerves
C is attributed to damage within the central nervous system
D appears to have no underlying pathology - CORRECT ✓✓ D
The pain that occurs to a stimulus such as light stroking that normally does not provoke pain
is termed:
A hyperalgesia
B analgesia
C allodynia
D causalgia - CORRECT ✓✓ C
Pain that is felt in a different body part to the source of pain is called:
A neuropathic pain
B referred pain
1
, C psychogenic pain
D hyperalgesia - CORRECT ✓✓ B
Chronic pain is pain that has lasted longer than:
A 1 month
B 3 months
C 1 year
D 2-3 years - CORRECT ✓✓ B
A 20-year-old female pricked her left hand while sewing. Which area in her brain would have
received the pain signal/s and perceived them as pain?
A right somatosensory cortex
B left somatosensory cortex
C right precentral gyrus on the frontal lobe
D left precentral gyrus on the frontal lobe - CORRECT ✓✓ A
One location in which nociceptors can be found is the:
A skin
B spinal cord
C efferent pathways
D hypothalamus - CORRECT ✓✓ A
Cutaneous polymodal nociceptors are activated by:
A mechanical injury only
B thermal stimuli, eg heat only
C light touch and gentle stroking
D mechanical injury, heat and chemicals - CORRECT ✓✓ D
Which CNS tract is responsible for carrying sensory information from the nociceptors to the
brain?
A spinothalamic
B corticospinal
C corticobulbular
2
, D reticulospinal - CORRECT ✓✓ A
Inflammation in visceral tissues activates:
A thermoreceptors
B cutaneous nociceptors
C efferent pathways
D silent nociceptors - CORRECT ✓✓ D
Which one of the following is an excitatory neuromodulator that enhances pain
transmission?
A beta endorphin
B encephalin
C substance P
D dynorphin - CORRECT ✓✓ C
A 15-year-old female scrapes her knee while playing soccer and complains of sharp and well-
localised pain. Which of the following would most accurately characterise her pain?
A chronic pain
B referred pain
C somatic pain
D visceral pain - CORRECT ✓✓ C
A 50-year-old male crushed his hand while working in a sawmill. Long after his injury has
healed he still feels burning pain in his hand. This pain is referred to as:
A neuropathic pain
B peripheral pain
C psychogenic pain
D acute pain - CORRECT ✓✓ A
The pain threshold in children is:
A higher than that of adults
B lower than that of adults
C the same as that of adults
3
, D not related to that of adults - CORRECT ✓✓ B
The lowest intensity of a stimulus that is perceived as painful is termed:
A affective - motivational aspect
B pain sensitisation
C pain threshold
D pain tolerance - CORRECT ✓✓ C
A 76-year-old female presented to her doctor complaining of burning pain extending across
the right side of her upper back. On examination she had no obvious skin lesions but she did
have shingles 12 months ago. The type of pain she has is likely to be:
A trigeminal neuralgia
B post herpetic neuralgia
C diabetic neuropathy
D psychogenic pain - CORRECT ✓✓ B
Which psychological factors may increase a person's tolerance to pain?
A depression
B empathy
C anxiety
D fear - CORRECT ✓✓ B
A pain caused by a compressed nerve may be described as:
A throbbing, burning and stinging
B a persistent diffuse ache
C burning, shooting and tingling
D deep, diffuse and nagging - CORRECT ✓✓ C
For optimum pain management:
A withhold opioid treatment where possible, to prevent development of tolerance
B treatment should be given only on demand
C step up doses using an analgesic ladder
D treat the symptoms before examining the primary cause - CORRECT ✓✓ C
4
