Summary Cardiovascular Nursing Lecture Notes | Complete Medical–Surgical Cardiac Review with Nursing Interventions

, MEDICAL AND SURGICAL NURSING

Cardiovascular System




Anatomy and Physiology of the Heart




Cardiovascular system consists of the heart, arteries, veins &  Pericardium – invaginated sac
capillaries. The major function are circulation of blood, delivery  Visceral – attached to the exterior of
of O2 & other nutrients to the tissues of the body & removal myocardium
of CO2 & other cellular products metabolism.  Parietal – attached to the great vessels and
diaphragm
Heart
 Papillary Muscle
 Muscular pumping organ that propel blood into the arerial Arise from the endocardial & myocardial surface of the
system & receive blood from the venous system of the body. ventricles & attach to the chordae tendinae
 Hollow muscular behind the sternum and between the lungs
 Located on the middle of mediastinum  Chordae Tendinae
 Resemble like a close fist Attach to the tricuspid & mitral valves & prevent eversion
 Weighs approximately 300 – 400 grams during systole
 Has heart wall has 3 layers
 Endocardium – lines the inner chambers of the  Separated into 2 pumps:
heart, valves, chordate tendinae and papillary  right heart – pumps blood through the lungs
muscles.  left heart – pumps blood through the peripheral
 Myocardium – muscular layer, middle layer, organs
responsible for the major pumping action of the
ventricles.  Chamber of the Heart

,  Upper Chamber (connecting or receiving)  Coronary Veins
 Right Atrium: receives systemic venous blood Coronary sinus – main vein of the heart
through the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava & Great Cardiac vein – main tributary of the coronary sinus
coronary sinus Oblique vein – remnant of SVC, small unsignificant
 Left Atrium: receives oxygenated blood returning to
the heart from the lungs trough the pulmonary veins
Heart Circulation

Ventricles
 2 thick-walled chambers; major responsibility for
forcing blood out of the heart; lie below the atria
 Lower Chamber (contracting or pumping)
 Right Ventricle: contracts & propels deoxygenated
blood into pulmonary circulation via the aorta
during ventricular systole; Right atrium has
decreased pressure which is 60 – 80 mmHg
 Left Ventricle: propels blood into the systemic
circulation via aortaduring ventricular systole; Left
ventricle has increased pressure which is 120 – 180
mmHg in order to propel blood to the systemic
circulation

 Heart Valves
 Tricuspid
 Pulmonic
 Mitral
 Aortic




Cardiac Conduction System



Properties of Heart Conduction System
• Automaticity
• Excitability
 Coronary artery – 1st branch of aorta • Conductivity
Right Coronary • Contractility
 SA nodal Branch – supplies SA node
 Right marginal Branch – supplies the right border
of the heart Structure of Heart Conduction System
 AV nodal branch – supplies the AV node
 Posterior interventricular artery – supplies both
ventricles
Left Coronary
 Circumflex branch – supplies SA node in 40 % of
people
 Left marginal – supplies the left ventricle
 Anterior interventricular branch aka Left anterior
descending(LAD)–supplies both ventricles and
interventricular septum
 Lateral branch – terminates in ant surface of the
heart




 Nodal tissues
SA Node( Sino-atrial, Keith and Flack)
 Primary Pacemaker
 Between SVC and RA
 Vagal and symphatetic innervation
 Sinus Rhythms