BSC 2010 Exam 2 Study Guide
Questions with Correct Answers
Cell Fractionation - ANSWERS-Takes cells apart and separate the major organelles
from one another
-Centrifuges fractionate cells into their component parts
How has Cell Fractionation furthered our understanding of the structure of cells? -
ANSWERS-Enables researchers to prepare specific cell components in bulk and
identify their functions
-Enable scientist to the determine the functions of organelles
-Biochemistry and cytology help correlate cell function with structure
Plasma Membrane - ANSWERS-A selective barrier that allows sufficient passage of
oxygen, nutrients, and waste to service the volume of every cell
-General structure of biological membrane = double layer of phospholipids
The basic structural and functional unit of every organism is of which types of cells? -
ANSWERSProkaryotic or Eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic Cells - ANSWERS-Only organism of the domains bacteria and archaea
-No nucleus
-DNA in an unbound region called the nucleoid
-No membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotic Cells - ANSWERS-Protists, fungi, animals, and plants
-Have DNA in a nucleus that is bounded by a membranous nuclear envelope
-Cytoplasm = region between the nucleus and plasma membrane
-Has membrane-bound organelles suspended in cytosol
-Generally much larger than prokaryotic cells
Basic Feature of all Cells - ANSWERS-Plasma membrane
-Semifluid substance called cytosol (cytoplasm)
-Chromosomes (carry genes in the form of DNA)
-Ribosomes (make proteins according to instructions of genes)
Nucleus - ANSWERSContains (most) of a cell's genes and is usually the most
conspicuous organelle
Nuclear Envelope - ANSWERS-Encloses the nucleus, separating it from the cytoplasm
-The nuclear envelope is a double member in which each membrane consists of a lipid
bilayer
*A double membrane includes 2 lipid bilayers
, Ribosomes - ANSWERS-Particles made of ribosomal RNA and protein
-Are the sites of protein synthesis
-Found in two locations: 1) In the cytosol (free ribosomes) 2) On the outside of the
endoplasmic reticulum or the nuclear envelope (bound ribosomes)
The Endomembrane System - ANSWERS-The internal membranes of eukaryotic cells
Components:
-Nuclear Envelope
-Endoplasmic Reticulum
-Golgi apparatus
-Lysosomes
-Vacuoles
-Plasma membrane
*These components are either continuous or connected via transfer by vesicles
The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - ANSWERS-Accounts for more than half of the total
membrane in many eukaryotic cells
-Separates the internal compartment of the ER, called the cisternal space, from the
cytosol
-Is continuous with the nuclear envelope
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - ANSWERS-Lacks ribosomes
-Synthesizes lipids
-Metabolizes carbohydrates
-Detoxifies drugs and poisons
-Stores calcium ion
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - ANSWERS-Surface is studded with ribosome
which produce membrane-associated proteins
-Distributes transport vesicles, proteins surrounded by membranes
-Is a membrane factory for the cell
Golgi Apparatus - ANSWERS-Shipping and receiving center
-Consists of flattened membranous sacs called cistern
-Modifies products of the ER
-Sorts and packages material into transport vesicles
Cis face - ANSWERS-Receiving side of the Golgi apparatus
-Located near the ER
Trans face - ANSWERSShipping side of the Golgi apparatus
Lysosome - ANSWERS-A membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that can digest
macromolecules
Questions with Correct Answers
Cell Fractionation - ANSWERS-Takes cells apart and separate the major organelles
from one another
-Centrifuges fractionate cells into their component parts
How has Cell Fractionation furthered our understanding of the structure of cells? -
ANSWERS-Enables researchers to prepare specific cell components in bulk and
identify their functions
-Enable scientist to the determine the functions of organelles
-Biochemistry and cytology help correlate cell function with structure
Plasma Membrane - ANSWERS-A selective barrier that allows sufficient passage of
oxygen, nutrients, and waste to service the volume of every cell
-General structure of biological membrane = double layer of phospholipids
The basic structural and functional unit of every organism is of which types of cells? -
ANSWERSProkaryotic or Eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic Cells - ANSWERS-Only organism of the domains bacteria and archaea
-No nucleus
-DNA in an unbound region called the nucleoid
-No membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotic Cells - ANSWERS-Protists, fungi, animals, and plants
-Have DNA in a nucleus that is bounded by a membranous nuclear envelope
-Cytoplasm = region between the nucleus and plasma membrane
-Has membrane-bound organelles suspended in cytosol
-Generally much larger than prokaryotic cells
Basic Feature of all Cells - ANSWERS-Plasma membrane
-Semifluid substance called cytosol (cytoplasm)
-Chromosomes (carry genes in the form of DNA)
-Ribosomes (make proteins according to instructions of genes)
Nucleus - ANSWERSContains (most) of a cell's genes and is usually the most
conspicuous organelle
Nuclear Envelope - ANSWERS-Encloses the nucleus, separating it from the cytoplasm
-The nuclear envelope is a double member in which each membrane consists of a lipid
bilayer
*A double membrane includes 2 lipid bilayers
, Ribosomes - ANSWERS-Particles made of ribosomal RNA and protein
-Are the sites of protein synthesis
-Found in two locations: 1) In the cytosol (free ribosomes) 2) On the outside of the
endoplasmic reticulum or the nuclear envelope (bound ribosomes)
The Endomembrane System - ANSWERS-The internal membranes of eukaryotic cells
Components:
-Nuclear Envelope
-Endoplasmic Reticulum
-Golgi apparatus
-Lysosomes
-Vacuoles
-Plasma membrane
*These components are either continuous or connected via transfer by vesicles
The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - ANSWERS-Accounts for more than half of the total
membrane in many eukaryotic cells
-Separates the internal compartment of the ER, called the cisternal space, from the
cytosol
-Is continuous with the nuclear envelope
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - ANSWERS-Lacks ribosomes
-Synthesizes lipids
-Metabolizes carbohydrates
-Detoxifies drugs and poisons
-Stores calcium ion
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - ANSWERS-Surface is studded with ribosome
which produce membrane-associated proteins
-Distributes transport vesicles, proteins surrounded by membranes
-Is a membrane factory for the cell
Golgi Apparatus - ANSWERS-Shipping and receiving center
-Consists of flattened membranous sacs called cistern
-Modifies products of the ER
-Sorts and packages material into transport vesicles
Cis face - ANSWERS-Receiving side of the Golgi apparatus
-Located near the ER
Trans face - ANSWERSShipping side of the Golgi apparatus
Lysosome - ANSWERS-A membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that can digest
macromolecules
