NRES 348 Exam Prep Questions with Complete
Solutions
Wildlife
The practical ecology of vertebrates and their plant and animal associations; free-roaming
vertebrate animals; terrestrial or partially terrestrial vertebrates
Management
The manipulation of populations or habitats to achieve specific goals; 1. pop size greater, 2.
population size smaller, 3. harvest population for continuing yield, 4. leave it alone/protect it, but
monitor status
Manipulative Management
Acts on a population, either changing its numbers by direct means or influencing numbers by the
indirect means of altering food supply, habitat, density, or predators, or prevalence of disease.
This is appropriate when a population is to be harvested, or when it slides to an unacceptably low
density or increases to an unacceptably high level.
Custodial Management
Preventative or protective. The aim is to minimize external influences on the population and its
habitat. It is appropriate in a national park where one of the stated goals is to protect ecological
processes.
Conservation
the wise management and use of natural resources.
, Preservation
Leaving natural systems or resources as they are
Era of Abundance
1600-1849; Most fish and wildlife species found in high numbers, resource is viewed as
limitless; commons
Era of Overexploitation
1850-1899; Wildlife populations declined because habitats were modified, repeating firearms,
efficient transportation, markets for wildlife
Era of Protection
1900-1925; Laws protecting wildlife were established, including the Lacey Act and Weeks-
Mclean Act
Lacey Act
1925; regulated market hunting, controlled importation of exotics and interstate transport of
illegal game
Weeks-Mclean Act
1912; provided for protection of waterfowl
Migratory Bird Treaty Act
1917; Protection of migratory birds either complete or through regulation
Gifford Pinchot
Solutions
Wildlife
The practical ecology of vertebrates and their plant and animal associations; free-roaming
vertebrate animals; terrestrial or partially terrestrial vertebrates
Management
The manipulation of populations or habitats to achieve specific goals; 1. pop size greater, 2.
population size smaller, 3. harvest population for continuing yield, 4. leave it alone/protect it, but
monitor status
Manipulative Management
Acts on a population, either changing its numbers by direct means or influencing numbers by the
indirect means of altering food supply, habitat, density, or predators, or prevalence of disease.
This is appropriate when a population is to be harvested, or when it slides to an unacceptably low
density or increases to an unacceptably high level.
Custodial Management
Preventative or protective. The aim is to minimize external influences on the population and its
habitat. It is appropriate in a national park where one of the stated goals is to protect ecological
processes.
Conservation
the wise management and use of natural resources.
, Preservation
Leaving natural systems or resources as they are
Era of Abundance
1600-1849; Most fish and wildlife species found in high numbers, resource is viewed as
limitless; commons
Era of Overexploitation
1850-1899; Wildlife populations declined because habitats were modified, repeating firearms,
efficient transportation, markets for wildlife
Era of Protection
1900-1925; Laws protecting wildlife were established, including the Lacey Act and Weeks-
Mclean Act
Lacey Act
1925; regulated market hunting, controlled importation of exotics and interstate transport of
illegal game
Weeks-Mclean Act
1912; provided for protection of waterfowl
Migratory Bird Treaty Act
1917; Protection of migratory birds either complete or through regulation
Gifford Pinchot
