CNUR 303 Test Questions with 100% Correct
Solutions
Recommended weight gain for singleton pregnancy
11.5-16kg
25-35lbs
hCG
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of placenta
stimulates estrogen and progesterone
Estrogen
uterus and breast enlargement
Progesterone
A hormone produced by the ovaries
acts with estrogen to bring about the mensural cycle
maintains endometrium and inhibits contractions
Relaxin
softening collagen in joints
softens cervix
inhibits contractions
hPL
,human placental lactogen
insulin antagonist
BMR
increases 20-25% d/t fetal metabolic activity
may cause sensation of overheating
Thyroid Gland
increases by 50%
more thyroxin released
parathyroid gland
increase size and hormone concentration
increases use of calcium and vit D
blood volume increase during pregnancy
1500mLs (~45%)
heart rate increase in pregnancy
10-15bpm
displacement of heart during pregnancy
up, transverse, and to the left
changes in uterus during pregnancy
increases to 20x size, capacity increases to 5000mL or more, shapes into globe
,Braxton Hicks contractions
irregular intermittent weak tightening begin about 12 weeks and remain throughout pregnancy
Goodell's sign
softening of the cervix (positive sign of pregnancy) week 5-6 of pregnancy
Chadwick's sign
Bluish purple discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and labia during pregnancy as a result of
increased vascular congestion. week 6-8 of pregnancy
Heger's sign
softening of isthmus (lower uterine segment) occurs wk 6-12 of pregnancy
Ovaries during pregnancy
o Amenorrhea
o Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) secreted by pituitary gland ceases
o Corpus Luteum - produces progesterone & estrogen in early pregnancy
Breasts during pregnancy
o Soon after conception -tingling, tenderness, swelling
o Size & nodularity increase
o Superficial veins more prominent
Nipples increase erectile
o Areola darkens
o Montogomery's Tubercules
, § Sebaceous glands of the areola become enlarged
§ Secretions from these glands prevent cracking
o Colostrum
§ Antibody Rich
§ May be expressed around 16 weeks
§ May leak in last trimester
Respiratory changes in pregnancy
· Tidal volume increases throughout pregnancy
o 30-40% rise in volume of air each minute
· O2 consumption increased by 20-40%
· Rib cage flare - up to 6cm
· Elevated diaphragm
Subjective changes in pregnancy
o Amenorrhea
o "Morning Sickness"
o Excessive Fatigue
o Urinary Frequency
o Changes in breasts
Objective changes in pregnancy
o Goodell's Sign
o Chadwick's Sign
o Hegar's Sign
Solutions
Recommended weight gain for singleton pregnancy
11.5-16kg
25-35lbs
hCG
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells of placenta
stimulates estrogen and progesterone
Estrogen
uterus and breast enlargement
Progesterone
A hormone produced by the ovaries
acts with estrogen to bring about the mensural cycle
maintains endometrium and inhibits contractions
Relaxin
softening collagen in joints
softens cervix
inhibits contractions
hPL
,human placental lactogen
insulin antagonist
BMR
increases 20-25% d/t fetal metabolic activity
may cause sensation of overheating
Thyroid Gland
increases by 50%
more thyroxin released
parathyroid gland
increase size and hormone concentration
increases use of calcium and vit D
blood volume increase during pregnancy
1500mLs (~45%)
heart rate increase in pregnancy
10-15bpm
displacement of heart during pregnancy
up, transverse, and to the left
changes in uterus during pregnancy
increases to 20x size, capacity increases to 5000mL or more, shapes into globe
,Braxton Hicks contractions
irregular intermittent weak tightening begin about 12 weeks and remain throughout pregnancy
Goodell's sign
softening of the cervix (positive sign of pregnancy) week 5-6 of pregnancy
Chadwick's sign
Bluish purple discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and labia during pregnancy as a result of
increased vascular congestion. week 6-8 of pregnancy
Heger's sign
softening of isthmus (lower uterine segment) occurs wk 6-12 of pregnancy
Ovaries during pregnancy
o Amenorrhea
o Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) secreted by pituitary gland ceases
o Corpus Luteum - produces progesterone & estrogen in early pregnancy
Breasts during pregnancy
o Soon after conception -tingling, tenderness, swelling
o Size & nodularity increase
o Superficial veins more prominent
Nipples increase erectile
o Areola darkens
o Montogomery's Tubercules
, § Sebaceous glands of the areola become enlarged
§ Secretions from these glands prevent cracking
o Colostrum
§ Antibody Rich
§ May be expressed around 16 weeks
§ May leak in last trimester
Respiratory changes in pregnancy
· Tidal volume increases throughout pregnancy
o 30-40% rise in volume of air each minute
· O2 consumption increased by 20-40%
· Rib cage flare - up to 6cm
· Elevated diaphragm
Subjective changes in pregnancy
o Amenorrhea
o "Morning Sickness"
o Excessive Fatigue
o Urinary Frequency
o Changes in breasts
Objective changes in pregnancy
o Goodell's Sign
o Chadwick's Sign
o Hegar's Sign
