CNUR 303 Study Guide Questions with 100%
Correct Solutions
Pregnancy
Pregnancy is a normal, healthy condition- subject to anatomical, physiological, biochemical
changes for growth in the fetus- insulin action is blunted, lower blood glucose levels, drugs that
affect albumin might be lowered, 38-42 weeks is full term, want to know if they are at term, pre
or post term, first trimester- 1-13 weeks, second 14-26, third 27 through term- each one has
predictable changes
Conception- germinal- zygote, implantation- embryo, organs are developing, teratogens, fetal-
organ refinement
Hormones- estrogen- skin and breast changes, insulin resistance, progesterone- muscle relaxant
for uterus and keeps pregnancy viable, hCS (hPL)- break down fat for fuel for baby, HcG-
pregnancy tests *, relaxin- relaxes pelvic muscles and joints- caution with exercise, oxytocin-
hypothalamus, induce uterine contractions, milk ejection during lactation, prolactin- a pituitary
gland- make milk
Signs of pregnancy
presumptive signs- mother experiences- missed period, breast tenderness, probable- hcG,
positive- really confirms, US, palpate, heart tone
GTPAL
Gravida= total # of pregnancies, including current, Term= # of term pregnancies (more than 37
wks), Premature- # of premature pregnancies (after 20 wks but before 37 wks) abortions- , # of
,therapeutic terminations or spontaneous losses (before 20 wks), Living- # of living children who
the women gave birth two, twins count as 1, use dashes in between
Perinatal Period
•Period of physical and psychological preparation for birth and parenthood
•Opportunity for nurses and members of health care team to positively influence family health
•Healthy women seek care and guidance.
•Health promotion interventions can affect well-being of the woman, child, and family.
Promote health in general life and in pregnancy, prenatal care has more positive outcomes, free
and accessible
Ask -BMI, vitamins and folic acid, integrated into care as women can get pregnant in a lone
period of their life
Example of Risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes
•Taking retinoic acid (Accutane) to clear cystic acne
•Alcohol use
•Anti-epileptic drugs
•Autoimmune disorders
•Diabetes (preconception)
•Folic acid deficiency
•HIV/AIDS
•Maternal phenylketonuria (PKU)
•Rubella seronegativity
•Obesity
,•STI
•Smoking
•Underweight
Vaccinate for Rubella- have debilitating effects on fetus
Accutane- malformations in the fetus
Prenatal care
•Is needed throughout the entire pregnancy
•Is publicly funded
•Collaborative
•Emphasis on preventive care and optimal self-care
•In Canada 11% of expectant mothers wait until the second trimester to seek medical care.
•Is sought more routinely by women of middle or high socioeconomic status and less likely by
adolescents
•Without it babies are three times more likely to have low birth weight; five times more likely to
die
Blood work before 2nd trimester
Adolescents receive inadequate care
Purpose:
•Ensure healthy pregnancy outcomes through ongoing assessment
•Plan individualized care
•Offer information to the client and family
•Identify risk factors for mom and/or baby
•Foster safe and satisfying birth experience
, •But why don't more women go to the doctor early in their pregnancies?Midwife access may be
an issue, transportation, finding a care provider, unwillingness to accept the pregnancy, bad
health habits which they do not want to disclose
•Initial visit
•Follow-up visit
•Every 4 weeks up to 28 weeks (7 months)
•Every 2 weeks from 29 to 36 weeks
•Every week from 37 weeks to birth
Initial- missed period, tested positive on pee stick, every 4 weeks- different blood work and US
in between,
Barriers to Prenatal care
•Inadequate number of providers
•Unpleasant facilities or procedures
•Inconvenient clinic hours
•Distance to facilities
•Particularly challenging in remote and Northern communities
•Lack of transportation
•Fragmentation of services
•Inadequate finances
•Personal attitudes
Components of antepartum assessment
Correct Solutions
Pregnancy
Pregnancy is a normal, healthy condition- subject to anatomical, physiological, biochemical
changes for growth in the fetus- insulin action is blunted, lower blood glucose levels, drugs that
affect albumin might be lowered, 38-42 weeks is full term, want to know if they are at term, pre
or post term, first trimester- 1-13 weeks, second 14-26, third 27 through term- each one has
predictable changes
Conception- germinal- zygote, implantation- embryo, organs are developing, teratogens, fetal-
organ refinement
Hormones- estrogen- skin and breast changes, insulin resistance, progesterone- muscle relaxant
for uterus and keeps pregnancy viable, hCS (hPL)- break down fat for fuel for baby, HcG-
pregnancy tests *, relaxin- relaxes pelvic muscles and joints- caution with exercise, oxytocin-
hypothalamus, induce uterine contractions, milk ejection during lactation, prolactin- a pituitary
gland- make milk
Signs of pregnancy
presumptive signs- mother experiences- missed period, breast tenderness, probable- hcG,
positive- really confirms, US, palpate, heart tone
GTPAL
Gravida= total # of pregnancies, including current, Term= # of term pregnancies (more than 37
wks), Premature- # of premature pregnancies (after 20 wks but before 37 wks) abortions- , # of
,therapeutic terminations or spontaneous losses (before 20 wks), Living- # of living children who
the women gave birth two, twins count as 1, use dashes in between
Perinatal Period
•Period of physical and psychological preparation for birth and parenthood
•Opportunity for nurses and members of health care team to positively influence family health
•Healthy women seek care and guidance.
•Health promotion interventions can affect well-being of the woman, child, and family.
Promote health in general life and in pregnancy, prenatal care has more positive outcomes, free
and accessible
Ask -BMI, vitamins and folic acid, integrated into care as women can get pregnant in a lone
period of their life
Example of Risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes
•Taking retinoic acid (Accutane) to clear cystic acne
•Alcohol use
•Anti-epileptic drugs
•Autoimmune disorders
•Diabetes (preconception)
•Folic acid deficiency
•HIV/AIDS
•Maternal phenylketonuria (PKU)
•Rubella seronegativity
•Obesity
,•STI
•Smoking
•Underweight
Vaccinate for Rubella- have debilitating effects on fetus
Accutane- malformations in the fetus
Prenatal care
•Is needed throughout the entire pregnancy
•Is publicly funded
•Collaborative
•Emphasis on preventive care and optimal self-care
•In Canada 11% of expectant mothers wait until the second trimester to seek medical care.
•Is sought more routinely by women of middle or high socioeconomic status and less likely by
adolescents
•Without it babies are three times more likely to have low birth weight; five times more likely to
die
Blood work before 2nd trimester
Adolescents receive inadequate care
Purpose:
•Ensure healthy pregnancy outcomes through ongoing assessment
•Plan individualized care
•Offer information to the client and family
•Identify risk factors for mom and/or baby
•Foster safe and satisfying birth experience
, •But why don't more women go to the doctor early in their pregnancies?Midwife access may be
an issue, transportation, finding a care provider, unwillingness to accept the pregnancy, bad
health habits which they do not want to disclose
•Initial visit
•Follow-up visit
•Every 4 weeks up to 28 weeks (7 months)
•Every 2 weeks from 29 to 36 weeks
•Every week from 37 weeks to birth
Initial- missed period, tested positive on pee stick, every 4 weeks- different blood work and US
in between,
Barriers to Prenatal care
•Inadequate number of providers
•Unpleasant facilities or procedures
•Inconvenient clinic hours
•Distance to facilities
•Particularly challenging in remote and Northern communities
•Lack of transportation
•Fragmentation of services
•Inadequate finances
•Personal attitudes
Components of antepartum assessment
