NREMT TEST BANK
TEST BANK NREMT PREDICTOR PREP
EXAM VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(RATIONALES) |ALREADY GRADED A+
Which of the following is the MOST reliable indicator of a fracture to a spinal vertebra?
A) Lack of pain at the site of the injury
B) Palpable pain at the site of the injury
C) Decreased movement on one side of the body
D) Decreased grip strength in the upper extremities
B) Palpable pain at the site of the injury
Of the options listed, the presence of palpable pain (specifically, point tenderness directly over
the injury site) is the most reliable indicator of an underlying vertebral fracture. In fact, point
A+ TEST BANK 1
, NREMT TEST BANK
tenderness, second only to gross deformity, is the most reliable indicator of an underlying
fracture to any bone.
Which of the following is an example of a primary blast injury?
A) Depressed skull fracture
B) Spinal injury with paralysis
C) Stick impaled in the abdomen
D) Ruptured tympanic membrane
D) Ruptured tympanic membrane
Primary blast injuries are a direct result of the pressure wave that occurs during an explosion.
Hollow organs are the most susceptible to the primary blast wave, and ruptured tympanic
membranes (eardrums) are a common injury. Secondary blast injuries occur when shrapnel and
other debris are propelled away from the explosion; impalement injuries occur during this phase.
Blunt traumatic injuries (ie, skull fracture, spinal injury) occur during the tertiary blast phase,
when the person is propelled away from the explosion and strikes a solid object.
In contrast to an incision, a laceration:
A) is a jagged cut.
B) is a superficial injury.
C) bleeds more severely.
D) usually involves an artery.
A) is a jagged cut.
A laceration is a jagged cut caused by a sharp object or a blunt force that tears the tissue,
whereas an incision is a sharp, smooth cut. The depth of the injury can vary; it can extend
through the skin and subcutaneous tissue or into the underlying muscles and adjacent nerves
and blood vessels. Lacerations and incisions can involve arteries, veins, or both, potentially
resulting in severe bleeding.
A+ TEST BANK 2
, NREMT TEST BANK
A soft-tissue injury that results in a flap of torn skin is called a/an:
A) incision.
B) avulsion.
C) abrasion.
D) laceration.
B) avulsion.
An avulsion is a soft-tissue injury in which a portion of the skin is torn away, leaving a flap of skin.
A laceration is a jagged soft-tissue injury that can be caused by glass or other sharp objects. An
abrasion is the scraping away of the epidermis, causing oozing of serous fluid from the capillary
bed. Road rash is a classic example of an abrasion. An incision is similar to a laceration, but has
smooth edges. Scalpels or knives are examples of instruments that would make an incision.
A 21-year-old male was bitten on the left forearm by a dog. He is conscious and alert and denies
any other injuries. An animal control officer is at the scene and has restrained the dog. Your
assessment of the patient's arm reveals a large avulsion with a peeled-back flap of skin. Distal
circulation is adequate and the patient is able to feel and move his fingers. In addition to
bleeding control, you should:
A) perform a rapid head-to-toe assessment.
B) apply oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask.
C) irrigate the wound for at least 15 minutes.
D) replace the avulsed flap to its original position.
D) replace the avulsed flap to its original position.
An avulsion is an injury that separates various layers of soft tissue, usually between the
subcutaneous layer and fascia, so that they become completely detached or hang as a flap. The
patient's injury is isolated and not life-threatening; therefore, a rapid head-to-toe assessment is
not indicated. Unless your protocols specify otherwise, oxygen is usually not necessary for
patients with isolated, non-life-threatening soft-tissue injuries. If the avulsed tissue is hanging
from a small piece of skin, circulation through the flap may be at risk. If you can, replace the
avulsed flap to its original position, as long as it is not visibly contaminated with dirt and/or other
foreign materials, and then cover the wound with a dry sterile dressing. Unless the wound is
grossly contaminated with dirt or debris, irrigation is usually deferred until the patient is
evaluated by a physician. Furthermore, flushing an open wound may force dirt or other debris
into the wound, increasing the risk of infection.
A+ TEST BANK 3
, NREMT TEST BANK
Following a head injury, a young female is semiconscious and is bleeding from the nose and left
ear. You should:
A) place a pressure dressing over her ear to prevent blood loss.
B) cover her ear and nose with a loose gauze pad to collect the blood.
C) control the bleeding from her nose by pinching her nostrils closed.
D) insert a nasal airway to keep her tongue from blocking the airway.
B) cover her ear and nose with a loose gauze pad to collect the blood.
Blood draining from the ears or nose following a head injury may contain cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF) and indicates a skull fracture. In these cases, do NOT attempt to stop the flow of blood.
Applying excessive pressure may force the blood leaking from the ears or nose to collect within
the cranium, which could increase the pressure on the brain and cause permanent damage.
Loosely cover the ears or nose with a sterile gauze pad to collect the blood and help keep
contaminants out (patients with a skull fracture and CSF leakage are at risk for meningitis). The
nasopharyngeal (nasal) airway is contraindicated in patients with a possible skull fracture,
especially if blood is draining from the nose. The airway adjunct may inadvertently enter the
cranial vault through the fracture.
An unresponsive patient with multi-system trauma has slow, shallow breathing; weak radial
pulses; and severe bleeding from a lower extremity wound. You should direct your partner to:
A) radio for a paramedic ambulance to respond to the scene.
B) assist the patient's ventilations while you control the bleeding.
C) apply oxygen via nonrebreathing mask while you control the bleeding.
D) prepare the long spine board and straps for rapid spinal immobilization.
B) assist the patient's ventilations while you control the bleeding.
The goal of the primary assessment is to rapidly identify and correct all life-threatening injuries
or conditions. In the case of this patient, as your partner maintains in-line cervical spine control,
he or she should assist the patient's ventilations. An unresponsive patient with slow, shallow
breathing is not breathing adequately and should be treated with ventilatory assistance, not a
nonrebreathing mask. As your partner is managing the patient's airway and providing ventilatory
assistance, you should apply direct pressure (or a tourniquet, if needed) to the extremity wound
to control the bleeding. It is important for you and your partner to work together so that all life
threats can be corrected as soon as possible. Most EMS systems work with two-person crews
and do not have the luxury of a third EMT. If the police or fire department is on the scene, you
A+ TEST BANK 4
TEST BANK NREMT PREDICTOR PREP
EXAM VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(RATIONALES) |ALREADY GRADED A+
Which of the following is the MOST reliable indicator of a fracture to a spinal vertebra?
A) Lack of pain at the site of the injury
B) Palpable pain at the site of the injury
C) Decreased movement on one side of the body
D) Decreased grip strength in the upper extremities
B) Palpable pain at the site of the injury
Of the options listed, the presence of palpable pain (specifically, point tenderness directly over
the injury site) is the most reliable indicator of an underlying vertebral fracture. In fact, point
A+ TEST BANK 1
, NREMT TEST BANK
tenderness, second only to gross deformity, is the most reliable indicator of an underlying
fracture to any bone.
Which of the following is an example of a primary blast injury?
A) Depressed skull fracture
B) Spinal injury with paralysis
C) Stick impaled in the abdomen
D) Ruptured tympanic membrane
D) Ruptured tympanic membrane
Primary blast injuries are a direct result of the pressure wave that occurs during an explosion.
Hollow organs are the most susceptible to the primary blast wave, and ruptured tympanic
membranes (eardrums) are a common injury. Secondary blast injuries occur when shrapnel and
other debris are propelled away from the explosion; impalement injuries occur during this phase.
Blunt traumatic injuries (ie, skull fracture, spinal injury) occur during the tertiary blast phase,
when the person is propelled away from the explosion and strikes a solid object.
In contrast to an incision, a laceration:
A) is a jagged cut.
B) is a superficial injury.
C) bleeds more severely.
D) usually involves an artery.
A) is a jagged cut.
A laceration is a jagged cut caused by a sharp object or a blunt force that tears the tissue,
whereas an incision is a sharp, smooth cut. The depth of the injury can vary; it can extend
through the skin and subcutaneous tissue or into the underlying muscles and adjacent nerves
and blood vessels. Lacerations and incisions can involve arteries, veins, or both, potentially
resulting in severe bleeding.
A+ TEST BANK 2
, NREMT TEST BANK
A soft-tissue injury that results in a flap of torn skin is called a/an:
A) incision.
B) avulsion.
C) abrasion.
D) laceration.
B) avulsion.
An avulsion is a soft-tissue injury in which a portion of the skin is torn away, leaving a flap of skin.
A laceration is a jagged soft-tissue injury that can be caused by glass or other sharp objects. An
abrasion is the scraping away of the epidermis, causing oozing of serous fluid from the capillary
bed. Road rash is a classic example of an abrasion. An incision is similar to a laceration, but has
smooth edges. Scalpels or knives are examples of instruments that would make an incision.
A 21-year-old male was bitten on the left forearm by a dog. He is conscious and alert and denies
any other injuries. An animal control officer is at the scene and has restrained the dog. Your
assessment of the patient's arm reveals a large avulsion with a peeled-back flap of skin. Distal
circulation is adequate and the patient is able to feel and move his fingers. In addition to
bleeding control, you should:
A) perform a rapid head-to-toe assessment.
B) apply oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask.
C) irrigate the wound for at least 15 minutes.
D) replace the avulsed flap to its original position.
D) replace the avulsed flap to its original position.
An avulsion is an injury that separates various layers of soft tissue, usually between the
subcutaneous layer and fascia, so that they become completely detached or hang as a flap. The
patient's injury is isolated and not life-threatening; therefore, a rapid head-to-toe assessment is
not indicated. Unless your protocols specify otherwise, oxygen is usually not necessary for
patients with isolated, non-life-threatening soft-tissue injuries. If the avulsed tissue is hanging
from a small piece of skin, circulation through the flap may be at risk. If you can, replace the
avulsed flap to its original position, as long as it is not visibly contaminated with dirt and/or other
foreign materials, and then cover the wound with a dry sterile dressing. Unless the wound is
grossly contaminated with dirt or debris, irrigation is usually deferred until the patient is
evaluated by a physician. Furthermore, flushing an open wound may force dirt or other debris
into the wound, increasing the risk of infection.
A+ TEST BANK 3
, NREMT TEST BANK
Following a head injury, a young female is semiconscious and is bleeding from the nose and left
ear. You should:
A) place a pressure dressing over her ear to prevent blood loss.
B) cover her ear and nose with a loose gauze pad to collect the blood.
C) control the bleeding from her nose by pinching her nostrils closed.
D) insert a nasal airway to keep her tongue from blocking the airway.
B) cover her ear and nose with a loose gauze pad to collect the blood.
Blood draining from the ears or nose following a head injury may contain cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF) and indicates a skull fracture. In these cases, do NOT attempt to stop the flow of blood.
Applying excessive pressure may force the blood leaking from the ears or nose to collect within
the cranium, which could increase the pressure on the brain and cause permanent damage.
Loosely cover the ears or nose with a sterile gauze pad to collect the blood and help keep
contaminants out (patients with a skull fracture and CSF leakage are at risk for meningitis). The
nasopharyngeal (nasal) airway is contraindicated in patients with a possible skull fracture,
especially if blood is draining from the nose. The airway adjunct may inadvertently enter the
cranial vault through the fracture.
An unresponsive patient with multi-system trauma has slow, shallow breathing; weak radial
pulses; and severe bleeding from a lower extremity wound. You should direct your partner to:
A) radio for a paramedic ambulance to respond to the scene.
B) assist the patient's ventilations while you control the bleeding.
C) apply oxygen via nonrebreathing mask while you control the bleeding.
D) prepare the long spine board and straps for rapid spinal immobilization.
B) assist the patient's ventilations while you control the bleeding.
The goal of the primary assessment is to rapidly identify and correct all life-threatening injuries
or conditions. In the case of this patient, as your partner maintains in-line cervical spine control,
he or she should assist the patient's ventilations. An unresponsive patient with slow, shallow
breathing is not breathing adequately and should be treated with ventilatory assistance, not a
nonrebreathing mask. As your partner is managing the patient's airway and providing ventilatory
assistance, you should apply direct pressure (or a tourniquet, if needed) to the extremity wound
to control the bleeding. It is important for you and your partner to work together so that all life
threats can be corrected as soon as possible. Most EMS systems work with two-person crews
and do not have the luxury of a third EMT. If the police or fire department is on the scene, you
A+ TEST BANK 4
