NUR 242 MED SURG EXAM 1 VERIFIED TEST QUESTIONS WITH WELL DETAILED
SOLUTIONS
What are the etiologies of intracranial pressure?
Hemorrhage (Fluid Build Up due to stroke or aneurysm)
Cerebral Edema
Cerebral Spinal Fluid
Tumor pushing on tissues
What is an overt S/S of cerebral Intracranial Pressure?
Emesis - projectile vomiting
Dizziness
Other manifestations of Increasing Intracranial pressure (IICP)
Pressure in the brain
Increased Blood Pressure
Bradycardia (Decreased Pulse)
Cerebral Spinal Fluid Drainage (Ears, Nose)
How would you know that the rhinorrhea or otorrhea drainage is Cerebral Spinal Fluid and
not typical drainage?
,Test for glucose
What type of diuretic is given for Increasing Intracranial pressure?
Osmotic Diuretic - Mannitol
How would you know Mannitol is effective at decreasing Intracranial pressure?
Increased urinary output
Reduced BP
Level of Consciousness Improvement
Less headache
Do I need to worry about orthostatic hypotension with diuretics like mannitol?
No, Osmotic diuretics work differently than other diuretics. Osmotic diuretics continuously
pull fluid from the rest of the body into the vascular space. Constantly filling the vascular
space.
What is the Monroe Kelly hypothesis?
,The constant balance between blood, tissue and CSF in the brain. If one increases or
decreases the others attempt to balance it out.
What is the underlying cause of diabetes insipidus?
To little Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
How does having too few ADH affect the fluid and electrolyte balance in the body?
The patient will be hypernatremic
Dehydrated
There is no antidiuretic to stop the fluid loss
How does excessive secretion of ADH (SIADH) impact the body
Too much of the hormone ADH
Hyponatremia and fluid overloaded
Glascow Coma Scale (GCS)
an evaluation tool used to determine level of consciousness, which assigns point values
for eyes, verbal and motor functions.
, frontal lobe function
involved in motor function: problem solving, memory, judgment, impulse control
parietal lobe function
Visual attention.
Touch perception.
Goal directed voluntary movements.
Manipulation of objects.
Integration of different senses that allows for understanding a single concept
frontal lobe observed problems
Loss of simple movement of various body parts (Paralysis).
Inability to plan a sequence of complex movements needed to complete multi•stepped
tasks, such as making coffee (Sequencing).
Loss of spontaneity in interacting with others.
Loss of flexibility in thinking.
Persistence of a single thought (Perseveration).
Inability to focus on a task (Attending).
Mood changes (Emotionally Labile).
Changes in social behavior.
Changes in personality.
Difficulty with problem solving.
Inability to express language (Broca's Aphasia or Expressive Aphasia).
SOLUTIONS
What are the etiologies of intracranial pressure?
Hemorrhage (Fluid Build Up due to stroke or aneurysm)
Cerebral Edema
Cerebral Spinal Fluid
Tumor pushing on tissues
What is an overt S/S of cerebral Intracranial Pressure?
Emesis - projectile vomiting
Dizziness
Other manifestations of Increasing Intracranial pressure (IICP)
Pressure in the brain
Increased Blood Pressure
Bradycardia (Decreased Pulse)
Cerebral Spinal Fluid Drainage (Ears, Nose)
How would you know that the rhinorrhea or otorrhea drainage is Cerebral Spinal Fluid and
not typical drainage?
,Test for glucose
What type of diuretic is given for Increasing Intracranial pressure?
Osmotic Diuretic - Mannitol
How would you know Mannitol is effective at decreasing Intracranial pressure?
Increased urinary output
Reduced BP
Level of Consciousness Improvement
Less headache
Do I need to worry about orthostatic hypotension with diuretics like mannitol?
No, Osmotic diuretics work differently than other diuretics. Osmotic diuretics continuously
pull fluid from the rest of the body into the vascular space. Constantly filling the vascular
space.
What is the Monroe Kelly hypothesis?
,The constant balance between blood, tissue and CSF in the brain. If one increases or
decreases the others attempt to balance it out.
What is the underlying cause of diabetes insipidus?
To little Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
How does having too few ADH affect the fluid and electrolyte balance in the body?
The patient will be hypernatremic
Dehydrated
There is no antidiuretic to stop the fluid loss
How does excessive secretion of ADH (SIADH) impact the body
Too much of the hormone ADH
Hyponatremia and fluid overloaded
Glascow Coma Scale (GCS)
an evaluation tool used to determine level of consciousness, which assigns point values
for eyes, verbal and motor functions.
, frontal lobe function
involved in motor function: problem solving, memory, judgment, impulse control
parietal lobe function
Visual attention.
Touch perception.
Goal directed voluntary movements.
Manipulation of objects.
Integration of different senses that allows for understanding a single concept
frontal lobe observed problems
Loss of simple movement of various body parts (Paralysis).
Inability to plan a sequence of complex movements needed to complete multi•stepped
tasks, such as making coffee (Sequencing).
Loss of spontaneity in interacting with others.
Loss of flexibility in thinking.
Persistence of a single thought (Perseveration).
Inability to focus on a task (Attending).
Mood changes (Emotionally Labile).
Changes in social behavior.
Changes in personality.
Difficulty with problem solving.
Inability to express language (Broca's Aphasia or Expressive Aphasia).
