Multicultural Midterm Questions With Complete Solutions
Findings of research have found that people's thinking about objects is influenced by the grammatical
genders their native language assigns to the objects' names.
True or False - (ANSWER)True
Describe one example of how language may influence thought. - (ANSWER)Some languages assign a
grammatical gender to an inanimate object. When speakers of these languages are asked to name
adjectives to describe an object, they tend to use adjectives that are grammatically linked to the
assigned gender of the object , even when the task is done in English, a language that does not assign
grammatical gender to objects. While this suggests that grammatical gender has subtle influences on
thinking, it is difficult to determine how this impacts overall thought processes.
According to Lynch, which of the following is NOT one of the four most effective ways of learning about
other cultures?
a) Learning through studying and reading about the culture
b) Talking and working with individuals from the culture who can act as cultural guides or mediators
c) Participating in the daily life of another culture, and ship and getting involved in community projects
d) Watching actors portrayal of various cultures in the media
e) Learning the language of another culture - (ANSWER)D. Watching actors portrayal of various cultures
in the media
According to Lynch, which of the following is NOT one of the four most effective ways of learning about
other cultures? - (ANSWER)Watching actors portrayal of various cultures in the media
Which is not an appropriate strategy to use when working with an interpreter?
a) Learn basic words and phrases in the family's language.
b) Avoid technical jargon, colloquialisms, idioms, slang, and abbreviations.
c) Address your remarks and questions to the interpreter.
d) Speak slowly and clearly, but not more loudly. - (ANSWER)C. Address your remarks and questions to
the interpreter
Dr. Marian discusses the advantages and disadvantages of longitudinal research and cross sectional
research within the study of language intervention. Explain which one she prefers and state one
advantage and one disadvantage of it. - (ANSWER)Dr. Marian prefers longitudinal research during
,Multicultural Midterm Questions With Complete Solutions
intervention studies. She states that by using the same group of participants the researcher can
pretest/post them and can focus on clinical, educational, behavioral, or cognitive intervention. An
advantage of longitudinal research is that it minimizes "between-group differences. One disadvantage is
that it takes a long time to conduct therefore a higher chance of participants dropping out of the study,
moving away, etc.
What is the best way to assess vocabulary size in a young bilingual child? - (ANSWER)If possible, the
therapist should assess the child's vocabulary in both languages. The therapist should assess the number
of conceptual representations a child has in both languages, not the number of lexical labels known. For
example, if the child knows the word "gato" in Spanish and the word "cat" in English, the child has one
conceptual representation for a small, purring animal but two lexical labels for that animal. This would
count as one vocabulary item, not two.
2. Which correctly describes the findings of neurological activation in a bilingual adolescent compared to
a monolingual adolescent conducted by Marian & Shook.
a. Stronger neural response to a sound was found in bilingual adolescents
b. Weaker neural response to a sound was found in bilingual adolescents
c. No difference between monolingual and bilingual listeners was found. - (ANSWER)Stronger neural
response to a sound was found in bilingual adolescents
Which of these is not a characteristic of A.A Vernacular English?
a) Deletion of /r/, for example /sɪstʌ/ for /sɪstɚ/
b) Substitution of b/v and b/ð
c) Word final consonant cluster reduction, for example /tɛs/ for /tɛst/
d) Substitution of f/θ and f/ ð - (ANSWER)b) Substitution of b/v and b/ð
1. True or False? Research has found that family income is linked to the amount of input a child receives,
which has a significant effect on language development. - (ANSWER)true
Which of these is not true?
a) Bilinguilism does not cause developmental language disorders
b) Reverting to monolinguilism will benefit a bilingual child with a developmental language disorder
c) Bilingual children with developmental language disorders can learn two languages
,Multicultural Midterm Questions With Complete Solutions
d) The relative level of proficiency of a bilingual child with a developmental language disorders varies
with opportunity and experience. - (ANSWER)b) Reverting to monolinguilism will benefit a bilingual child
with a developmental language disorder
2. Phonological impairments are...
a. Delays in the acquisition of permissible sounds or sound patterns that are used contrastively in the
ambient language.
b. Delays in the acquisition of words used to understand and communicate during early child.
c. Impairments caused by difficulties acquiring literacy scared. - (ANSWER)Delays in the acquisition of
permissible sounds or sound patterns that are used contrastively in the ambient language.
What are phonological impairements - (ANSWER)Delays in the acquisition of permissible sounds or
sound patterns that are used contrastively in the ambient language.
Describe the Dual Iceberg Representation of Bilingual Proficiency. - (ANSWER)The "dual iceberg" model
suggests that there are common underlying proficiencies in conceptual and linguistic knowledge that
support the overall linguistic proficiency in both languages. Supporting the growth and development of
these underlying proficiencies in L1 will promote development in L2, given opportunity and experience
with L2. For example, development of reading and writing strategies in L1 will transfer to reading and
writing skills in L2, in a supported environment.
What is a transitional bilingual program and why are transitional bilingual programs inadequate for
students with limited English proficiency? - (ANSWER)In a transitional bilingual program, content
information is taught in a student's native language while the student is learning English as a second
language. Once the student is deemed proficient in English or after a specific time limit, typically three
years, they are transitioned out of the program and receive all instruction in English. The challenge with
this model is that students may have proficiency in English for basic interpersonal communication, but
not have proficiency in English for academic learning in an all English environment. Transitioning
students out of a supported program when they do not have the necessary English language skills for
academic success is setting them up for failure in an academic environment.
Which is an example of a veiled directive?
a) Get your coat and backpack from your locker.
b) Sit up straight with your feet on the floor.
c) Line up at the door.
, Multicultural Midterm Questions With Complete Solutions
d) Try to do your best work. - (ANSWER)d) Try to do your best work.
True or false. Minorities who consider themselves immigrants do relatively well in school compared to
minorities who appear to be indigenous or subjects of former colonial territories. - (ANSWER)True
What is an alternation model of schooling?
a. A model that encourages a discontinuation of one's previous cultural and linguistic background and
assimilation to the dominant culture.
b. A model that encourages participation in two different but not oppositional cultures simultaneously.
c. A model of teaching that encourages bilingual children to be taught only by bilingual teachers.
d. A model that suggests the best method to teach bilingual students is to pull them out of the
classroom and have one on one work with a bilingual aid. - (ANSWER)A model that encourages
participation in two different but not oppositional cultures simultaneously.
1. In her article, Sex, Syntax, and Semantics (2003), Boroditsky discusses the relationship between
grammatical gender and memory as follows:
a. Russian-speaking participants remembered object-name pairs better when the gender of the proper
name was consistent with the grammatical gender of the name of the object, but English-speaking
participants did not
b. Participants remembered object-name pairs better when the gender of the proper name was
consistent with the grammatical gender of the name of the object (in their native language)
c. Participants remembered object-name pairs better when the gender of the proper name was the
opposite of the grammatical gender of the name of the object (in their native language)
d. There was no significant difference between the speakers of either language with regard to the effect
of grammatical gender of their native language and memory - (ANSWER)b. Participants remembered
object-name pairs better when the gender of the proper name was consistent with the grammatical
gender of the name of the object (in their native language)
Which of the following is evidence against a strict Whorfian view of language?
1-Native English speakers trained to use vertical special terms to talk about time showed the same bias
in thinking about time as Mandarin speakers
2-Spanish and German speakers rated grammatically gendered objects similar to pictures of people of
corresponding genders
3-Korean-speaking adults distinguished between tight and loose fit scenes, but English speakers did not.
Findings of research have found that people's thinking about objects is influenced by the grammatical
genders their native language assigns to the objects' names.
True or False - (ANSWER)True
Describe one example of how language may influence thought. - (ANSWER)Some languages assign a
grammatical gender to an inanimate object. When speakers of these languages are asked to name
adjectives to describe an object, they tend to use adjectives that are grammatically linked to the
assigned gender of the object , even when the task is done in English, a language that does not assign
grammatical gender to objects. While this suggests that grammatical gender has subtle influences on
thinking, it is difficult to determine how this impacts overall thought processes.
According to Lynch, which of the following is NOT one of the four most effective ways of learning about
other cultures?
a) Learning through studying and reading about the culture
b) Talking and working with individuals from the culture who can act as cultural guides or mediators
c) Participating in the daily life of another culture, and ship and getting involved in community projects
d) Watching actors portrayal of various cultures in the media
e) Learning the language of another culture - (ANSWER)D. Watching actors portrayal of various cultures
in the media
According to Lynch, which of the following is NOT one of the four most effective ways of learning about
other cultures? - (ANSWER)Watching actors portrayal of various cultures in the media
Which is not an appropriate strategy to use when working with an interpreter?
a) Learn basic words and phrases in the family's language.
b) Avoid technical jargon, colloquialisms, idioms, slang, and abbreviations.
c) Address your remarks and questions to the interpreter.
d) Speak slowly and clearly, but not more loudly. - (ANSWER)C. Address your remarks and questions to
the interpreter
Dr. Marian discusses the advantages and disadvantages of longitudinal research and cross sectional
research within the study of language intervention. Explain which one she prefers and state one
advantage and one disadvantage of it. - (ANSWER)Dr. Marian prefers longitudinal research during
,Multicultural Midterm Questions With Complete Solutions
intervention studies. She states that by using the same group of participants the researcher can
pretest/post them and can focus on clinical, educational, behavioral, or cognitive intervention. An
advantage of longitudinal research is that it minimizes "between-group differences. One disadvantage is
that it takes a long time to conduct therefore a higher chance of participants dropping out of the study,
moving away, etc.
What is the best way to assess vocabulary size in a young bilingual child? - (ANSWER)If possible, the
therapist should assess the child's vocabulary in both languages. The therapist should assess the number
of conceptual representations a child has in both languages, not the number of lexical labels known. For
example, if the child knows the word "gato" in Spanish and the word "cat" in English, the child has one
conceptual representation for a small, purring animal but two lexical labels for that animal. This would
count as one vocabulary item, not two.
2. Which correctly describes the findings of neurological activation in a bilingual adolescent compared to
a monolingual adolescent conducted by Marian & Shook.
a. Stronger neural response to a sound was found in bilingual adolescents
b. Weaker neural response to a sound was found in bilingual adolescents
c. No difference between monolingual and bilingual listeners was found. - (ANSWER)Stronger neural
response to a sound was found in bilingual adolescents
Which of these is not a characteristic of A.A Vernacular English?
a) Deletion of /r/, for example /sɪstʌ/ for /sɪstɚ/
b) Substitution of b/v and b/ð
c) Word final consonant cluster reduction, for example /tɛs/ for /tɛst/
d) Substitution of f/θ and f/ ð - (ANSWER)b) Substitution of b/v and b/ð
1. True or False? Research has found that family income is linked to the amount of input a child receives,
which has a significant effect on language development. - (ANSWER)true
Which of these is not true?
a) Bilinguilism does not cause developmental language disorders
b) Reverting to monolinguilism will benefit a bilingual child with a developmental language disorder
c) Bilingual children with developmental language disorders can learn two languages
,Multicultural Midterm Questions With Complete Solutions
d) The relative level of proficiency of a bilingual child with a developmental language disorders varies
with opportunity and experience. - (ANSWER)b) Reverting to monolinguilism will benefit a bilingual child
with a developmental language disorder
2. Phonological impairments are...
a. Delays in the acquisition of permissible sounds or sound patterns that are used contrastively in the
ambient language.
b. Delays in the acquisition of words used to understand and communicate during early child.
c. Impairments caused by difficulties acquiring literacy scared. - (ANSWER)Delays in the acquisition of
permissible sounds or sound patterns that are used contrastively in the ambient language.
What are phonological impairements - (ANSWER)Delays in the acquisition of permissible sounds or
sound patterns that are used contrastively in the ambient language.
Describe the Dual Iceberg Representation of Bilingual Proficiency. - (ANSWER)The "dual iceberg" model
suggests that there are common underlying proficiencies in conceptual and linguistic knowledge that
support the overall linguistic proficiency in both languages. Supporting the growth and development of
these underlying proficiencies in L1 will promote development in L2, given opportunity and experience
with L2. For example, development of reading and writing strategies in L1 will transfer to reading and
writing skills in L2, in a supported environment.
What is a transitional bilingual program and why are transitional bilingual programs inadequate for
students with limited English proficiency? - (ANSWER)In a transitional bilingual program, content
information is taught in a student's native language while the student is learning English as a second
language. Once the student is deemed proficient in English or after a specific time limit, typically three
years, they are transitioned out of the program and receive all instruction in English. The challenge with
this model is that students may have proficiency in English for basic interpersonal communication, but
not have proficiency in English for academic learning in an all English environment. Transitioning
students out of a supported program when they do not have the necessary English language skills for
academic success is setting them up for failure in an academic environment.
Which is an example of a veiled directive?
a) Get your coat and backpack from your locker.
b) Sit up straight with your feet on the floor.
c) Line up at the door.
, Multicultural Midterm Questions With Complete Solutions
d) Try to do your best work. - (ANSWER)d) Try to do your best work.
True or false. Minorities who consider themselves immigrants do relatively well in school compared to
minorities who appear to be indigenous or subjects of former colonial territories. - (ANSWER)True
What is an alternation model of schooling?
a. A model that encourages a discontinuation of one's previous cultural and linguistic background and
assimilation to the dominant culture.
b. A model that encourages participation in two different but not oppositional cultures simultaneously.
c. A model of teaching that encourages bilingual children to be taught only by bilingual teachers.
d. A model that suggests the best method to teach bilingual students is to pull them out of the
classroom and have one on one work with a bilingual aid. - (ANSWER)A model that encourages
participation in two different but not oppositional cultures simultaneously.
1. In her article, Sex, Syntax, and Semantics (2003), Boroditsky discusses the relationship between
grammatical gender and memory as follows:
a. Russian-speaking participants remembered object-name pairs better when the gender of the proper
name was consistent with the grammatical gender of the name of the object, but English-speaking
participants did not
b. Participants remembered object-name pairs better when the gender of the proper name was
consistent with the grammatical gender of the name of the object (in their native language)
c. Participants remembered object-name pairs better when the gender of the proper name was the
opposite of the grammatical gender of the name of the object (in their native language)
d. There was no significant difference between the speakers of either language with regard to the effect
of grammatical gender of their native language and memory - (ANSWER)b. Participants remembered
object-name pairs better when the gender of the proper name was consistent with the grammatical
gender of the name of the object (in their native language)
Which of the following is evidence against a strict Whorfian view of language?
1-Native English speakers trained to use vertical special terms to talk about time showed the same bias
in thinking about time as Mandarin speakers
2-Spanish and German speakers rated grammatically gendered objects similar to pictures of people of
corresponding genders
3-Korean-speaking adults distinguished between tight and loose fit scenes, but English speakers did not.
