JR 101 FINAL EXAMPREP 2026 ACTUAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND FULL SOLUTIONS
● Osteotomy Answer: cutting bone
● Capsulotomy Answer: cutting the joint capsule
● Synovectomy Answer: surgical removal of the joint lining
● Pathology Answer: study of disease/illness
● Hypertrophic Answer: increase/excessive change
● Avascular Necrosis Answer: death of bone related to lack of blood
flow
● Describe the Anatomical position Answer: arms at side, palms
forward, toes slightly downward
● Describe the Supine position Answer: laying flat on black, palms on
ground and toes pointing toward sky
,● describe the prone position Answer: laying face down, palms and
heels facing the sky.
● Transverse Plane
Sagittal Plane
Coronal Plane Answer: top and bottom
front and back
left and right
● Anatomic Term of Location: Answer: medial and lateral
anterior and posterior
superior and inferior
proximal and distal
superficial and deep
● Abduction Answer: movement away from the midline
, ● adduction Answer: movement toward the midline
● Flexion Answer: movement that decreases the angle between two
body parts
● Extension Answer: movement that increases the angle between two
body parts
● Internal Rotation Answer: rotational movement towards the midline
● External Rotation Answer: rotational movement away from the
midline
● Varus Answer: bowlegged, bending outward
● Valgus Answer: knock-kneed, bending inward
● Cancellous Bone Answer: less dense, softer, weaker, and less stiff.
Typically occurs at the ends of long bones, proximal to joints and within
the interior of vertebrae.
● Cortical Bone Answer: dense and forms the surface of bone
QUESTIONS AND FULL SOLUTIONS
● Osteotomy Answer: cutting bone
● Capsulotomy Answer: cutting the joint capsule
● Synovectomy Answer: surgical removal of the joint lining
● Pathology Answer: study of disease/illness
● Hypertrophic Answer: increase/excessive change
● Avascular Necrosis Answer: death of bone related to lack of blood
flow
● Describe the Anatomical position Answer: arms at side, palms
forward, toes slightly downward
● Describe the Supine position Answer: laying flat on black, palms on
ground and toes pointing toward sky
,● describe the prone position Answer: laying face down, palms and
heels facing the sky.
● Transverse Plane
Sagittal Plane
Coronal Plane Answer: top and bottom
front and back
left and right
● Anatomic Term of Location: Answer: medial and lateral
anterior and posterior
superior and inferior
proximal and distal
superficial and deep
● Abduction Answer: movement away from the midline
, ● adduction Answer: movement toward the midline
● Flexion Answer: movement that decreases the angle between two
body parts
● Extension Answer: movement that increases the angle between two
body parts
● Internal Rotation Answer: rotational movement towards the midline
● External Rotation Answer: rotational movement away from the
midline
● Varus Answer: bowlegged, bending outward
● Valgus Answer: knock-kneed, bending inward
● Cancellous Bone Answer: less dense, softer, weaker, and less stiff.
Typically occurs at the ends of long bones, proximal to joints and within
the interior of vertebrae.
● Cortical Bone Answer: dense and forms the surface of bone
