Psychology: Child Cognitive Development
Exam questions and answers
Prenatal Development - ✅✅refers to growth and changes occurring before birth
zygote - ✅✅fertilized egg cell
blastula - ✅✅hollow sphere of stem cells
gastrula - ✅✅stem cells fold in to fold layers
embryo - ✅✅2 to 8 weeks after conception
fetus - ✅✅8 weeks after conception until birth
at 7 weeks the _____ and ____ are developed enough to produce movements - ✅✅hindbrain,
midbrain
by 36 weeks they also produce ____ and ____ movements in response to sounds, a sleep-wake cycle
including REM - ✅✅head, eye
the ______ is relatively inactive at this time - ✅✅cerebral cortex
maternal-fetal connection - ✅✅what mother consumes reaches the baby via placenta
- if her nutrition and prenatal care are deficient, baby's health will be negatively affected
low-birth weight and premature infants - ✅✅- have greater risk of dying in infancy
- brain development may be impaired
- higher risk of behavioral and academic problems
, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) - ✅✅-if mother drinks alcohol during pregnancy, baby is born with this
-stunted growth of head and body, facial, cranial and ear malformations, neurological damage, learning
disabilities, impulsiveness and mental retardation
Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE) - ✅✅- seems normal but may have impaired academic skills and mild
behavioral problems
Is there a safe level of alcohol consumption during pregnancy? - ✅✅NO
What kinds of chemicals should be avoided during pregnancy? - ✅✅chemicals that agonize inhibitory
synapses (tranquilizers, anesthetics, and anti-depressants)
Which neurotransmitter does alcohol promote? - ✅✅GABA, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter of
the brain which leads to neuronal "self-destruction."
Growing neurons need what to survive? - ✅✅constant excitation
maternal smoking is associated with an increased risk of what? - ✅✅SIDS (sudden infant death
syndrome)
What maximizes the chances of having a healthy baby with undamaged brain? - ✅✅nutritious diet,
prenatal care, and avoiding alcohol and other drugs
What kind of bodily control is limited in newborns? - ✅✅muscle control
Which kinds of body movements are purposeful in newborns? - ✅✅movement of eyes and mouths
only
newborns' vision - ✅✅- vision is limited but newborns see far better than previously believed
Exam questions and answers
Prenatal Development - ✅✅refers to growth and changes occurring before birth
zygote - ✅✅fertilized egg cell
blastula - ✅✅hollow sphere of stem cells
gastrula - ✅✅stem cells fold in to fold layers
embryo - ✅✅2 to 8 weeks after conception
fetus - ✅✅8 weeks after conception until birth
at 7 weeks the _____ and ____ are developed enough to produce movements - ✅✅hindbrain,
midbrain
by 36 weeks they also produce ____ and ____ movements in response to sounds, a sleep-wake cycle
including REM - ✅✅head, eye
the ______ is relatively inactive at this time - ✅✅cerebral cortex
maternal-fetal connection - ✅✅what mother consumes reaches the baby via placenta
- if her nutrition and prenatal care are deficient, baby's health will be negatively affected
low-birth weight and premature infants - ✅✅- have greater risk of dying in infancy
- brain development may be impaired
- higher risk of behavioral and academic problems
, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) - ✅✅-if mother drinks alcohol during pregnancy, baby is born with this
-stunted growth of head and body, facial, cranial and ear malformations, neurological damage, learning
disabilities, impulsiveness and mental retardation
Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE) - ✅✅- seems normal but may have impaired academic skills and mild
behavioral problems
Is there a safe level of alcohol consumption during pregnancy? - ✅✅NO
What kinds of chemicals should be avoided during pregnancy? - ✅✅chemicals that agonize inhibitory
synapses (tranquilizers, anesthetics, and anti-depressants)
Which neurotransmitter does alcohol promote? - ✅✅GABA, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter of
the brain which leads to neuronal "self-destruction."
Growing neurons need what to survive? - ✅✅constant excitation
maternal smoking is associated with an increased risk of what? - ✅✅SIDS (sudden infant death
syndrome)
What maximizes the chances of having a healthy baby with undamaged brain? - ✅✅nutritious diet,
prenatal care, and avoiding alcohol and other drugs
What kind of bodily control is limited in newborns? - ✅✅muscle control
Which kinds of body movements are purposeful in newborns? - ✅✅movement of eyes and mouths
only
newborns' vision - ✅✅- vision is limited but newborns see far better than previously believed
