NUR 406: Final Exam
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1. Health: A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
2. Public Health: Ensuring that every person in the community has a standard of living adequate for the
maintenance of health. This involves the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physica
health and efficiency through organized community efforts
3. Global Health: Encompasses the behavioral and environmental risk factors of a community, which are
influenced by politics, economics, and culture
4. Global Health is Impacted by....: o Determinants of health: which encompass the following domains:
1. Physical environment
2. Social environment
3. Health behaviors and coping skills
4. Access to health services
5. Healthy child development
6. Employment and working conditions, in the context of the broader factors of access to health services, as well as
health policies and interventions
o Health Indicators are descriptors of the general health of a nation that are grouped into four categories: morbidity
and mortality, risk factors, health service coverage, and health system resources
5. Epidemiologic Transition (improvements in global health indicators): o includes
high and fluctuating mortality due to...
-poor health
-epidemics
-famine
6. Demographic Transitions include... (improvements in global health indica-
tors): o High fertility and high mortality, resulting in slow population growth
o Improvement in hygiene and nutrition, leading to a decreased burden of infectious disease
o Decline in mortality and later decline in fertility
o Increase in relative proportion of elderly population
, NUR 406: Final Exam
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7. Global Health Impacted by...: o Global Society - the result of globalization, where the connection and
integration/relationships of societies internationally have led to a society where people share more commonalities
despite their specific international locations and differences. Leveling the playing field on an international level.
8. Global Burden of Disease: Risks to health and health outcomes in different populations and social
settings related to particular diseases and injuries
-Which populations are more likely to experience morbidity and mortality of disease based on their risks
o Occurs combination of health and social factors and changes with age, creating different risks over a lifetime
o The burden of disease is growing disproportionately in the world and is largely affected by: climate, public policy,
age of the population, socioeconomic conditions, and risk factors
9. Communicable Disease (Definition): o An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that
occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or
by an animal, vector, or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host
10. Noncommunicable Disease (Definition): Diseases that afflict a population which are chronic in
nature and may be due to lifestyle changes, sometimes as a result of modernization of societies. Examples include
cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes, obesity, and chronic respiratory diseases
11. Communicable Diseases: Immunization: o Prevention of communicable diseases through this
(the term) and improving environmental conditions
o Eradication of smallpox throughout the world is attributed to this intervention
12. Communicable Diseases: Tuberculosis (TB): o Largest cause of death from a single infectious
agent
o Affecting nearly 3 mil people each year
o Two factors are a threat to control and eradication of this disease:
-HIV virus - HIV + individuals with the infectious form of this disease (the term) have increased likelihood of transmitting
this disease to their families and communities
-Mutli-drug resistance of this disease (the term still) to isoniazid and rifampin, the two drugs used to treat it
, NUR 406: Final Exam
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13. Communicable Diseases: AIDS: Increasing incidence in adolescents, young adults, and heterosex-
uals
14. Communicable Diseases: Malaria: o Affects more than 50% of the world's population. Causes more
than 1 mil deaths - mostly in children younger than 5 years of age - and 300-500 mil episodes of acute illness each
year
o Control of this disease (the term) is increasingly recognized as playing a key role in poverty reduction in countries in
which it is endemic
o Countries that do not have strict environmental laws continue to use dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) sprays
to control mosquito populations despite the advent of DDT-resistant mosquitos
15. WHO estimates that more than a third of infectious disease deaths are
caused by the deadly triad of ________, ______, and __________: AIDS, TB, and Malaria
16. Noncommunicable Global Impact: o Globally more deaths related to this form of diseases
-Most prominent: Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancers, and chronic respiratory diseases
-Disease are most often preventable
o Occurences
-Most often occur in low-and middle-income countries
-Most often cause deaths at younger ages in low-and middle-income countries
o Key factors in the increase in this type of diseases in low-and-middle-income coutnries
-Result from urbanization, culture change especially among the young, increasing sedentary lifestyle, and corporate
marketing that targets these populations
-Generational differences, as older populations more likely to eat more healthy traditional foods, and younger
populations consume fast food marketing
17. Risk Factor Categories Associated with Overall Health..: o Childhood and maternal
undernutrition: Underweight children and conditions related to iron, vitamin A, and zinc deficiencies contribute to poor
health outcomes
o other nutrition-related risk factors and inactivity:
Obesity and physical inactivity, coupled with hypertension and hyperlipidemia, affect adults as well as children
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hmbpmi
1. Health: A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
2. Public Health: Ensuring that every person in the community has a standard of living adequate for the
maintenance of health. This involves the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physica
health and efficiency through organized community efforts
3. Global Health: Encompasses the behavioral and environmental risk factors of a community, which are
influenced by politics, economics, and culture
4. Global Health is Impacted by....: o Determinants of health: which encompass the following domains:
1. Physical environment
2. Social environment
3. Health behaviors and coping skills
4. Access to health services
5. Healthy child development
6. Employment and working conditions, in the context of the broader factors of access to health services, as well as
health policies and interventions
o Health Indicators are descriptors of the general health of a nation that are grouped into four categories: morbidity
and mortality, risk factors, health service coverage, and health system resources
5. Epidemiologic Transition (improvements in global health indicators): o includes
high and fluctuating mortality due to...
-poor health
-epidemics
-famine
6. Demographic Transitions include... (improvements in global health indica-
tors): o High fertility and high mortality, resulting in slow population growth
o Improvement in hygiene and nutrition, leading to a decreased burden of infectious disease
o Decline in mortality and later decline in fertility
o Increase in relative proportion of elderly population
, NUR 406: Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hmbpmi
7. Global Health Impacted by...: o Global Society - the result of globalization, where the connection and
integration/relationships of societies internationally have led to a society where people share more commonalities
despite their specific international locations and differences. Leveling the playing field on an international level.
8. Global Burden of Disease: Risks to health and health outcomes in different populations and social
settings related to particular diseases and injuries
-Which populations are more likely to experience morbidity and mortality of disease based on their risks
o Occurs combination of health and social factors and changes with age, creating different risks over a lifetime
o The burden of disease is growing disproportionately in the world and is largely affected by: climate, public policy,
age of the population, socioeconomic conditions, and risk factors
9. Communicable Disease (Definition): o An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that
occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or
by an animal, vector, or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host
10. Noncommunicable Disease (Definition): Diseases that afflict a population which are chronic in
nature and may be due to lifestyle changes, sometimes as a result of modernization of societies. Examples include
cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes, obesity, and chronic respiratory diseases
11. Communicable Diseases: Immunization: o Prevention of communicable diseases through this
(the term) and improving environmental conditions
o Eradication of smallpox throughout the world is attributed to this intervention
12. Communicable Diseases: Tuberculosis (TB): o Largest cause of death from a single infectious
agent
o Affecting nearly 3 mil people each year
o Two factors are a threat to control and eradication of this disease:
-HIV virus - HIV + individuals with the infectious form of this disease (the term) have increased likelihood of transmitting
this disease to their families and communities
-Mutli-drug resistance of this disease (the term still) to isoniazid and rifampin, the two drugs used to treat it
, NUR 406: Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hmbpmi
13. Communicable Diseases: AIDS: Increasing incidence in adolescents, young adults, and heterosex-
uals
14. Communicable Diseases: Malaria: o Affects more than 50% of the world's population. Causes more
than 1 mil deaths - mostly in children younger than 5 years of age - and 300-500 mil episodes of acute illness each
year
o Control of this disease (the term) is increasingly recognized as playing a key role in poverty reduction in countries in
which it is endemic
o Countries that do not have strict environmental laws continue to use dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) sprays
to control mosquito populations despite the advent of DDT-resistant mosquitos
15. WHO estimates that more than a third of infectious disease deaths are
caused by the deadly triad of ________, ______, and __________: AIDS, TB, and Malaria
16. Noncommunicable Global Impact: o Globally more deaths related to this form of diseases
-Most prominent: Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancers, and chronic respiratory diseases
-Disease are most often preventable
o Occurences
-Most often occur in low-and middle-income countries
-Most often cause deaths at younger ages in low-and middle-income countries
o Key factors in the increase in this type of diseases in low-and-middle-income coutnries
-Result from urbanization, culture change especially among the young, increasing sedentary lifestyle, and corporate
marketing that targets these populations
-Generational differences, as older populations more likely to eat more healthy traditional foods, and younger
populations consume fast food marketing
17. Risk Factor Categories Associated with Overall Health..: o Childhood and maternal
undernutrition: Underweight children and conditions related to iron, vitamin A, and zinc deficiencies contribute to poor
health outcomes
o other nutrition-related risk factors and inactivity:
Obesity and physical inactivity, coupled with hypertension and hyperlipidemia, affect adults as well as children
