FPGEE Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hlmxks
1. Pharmacokinetics: What the BODY does to the DRUG
2. Pharmacodynamics: What the DRUG does to the BODY
3. 1. Absorption
2. Distribution
3. Metabolism
4. Elimination: Pharmacokinetic properties determining the onset, intensity, and duration of drug action.
4. Absorption: From the site of administration, permits entry of the drug (either directly or indirectly) into plasma.
5. Distribution: The drug may reversibly leave the bloodstream and distribute into the interstitial and intracellular
fluids.
6. Metabolism: The drug may be biotransformed through metabolism by the liver or other tissues.
7. Elimination: The drug and its metabolites are eliminated from the body in urine, bile, or feces.
8. Enteral ROA: Administration by mouth. The most common, convenient, and economical method of drug
administration.
9. Oral ROA: Easily self-administered, and toxicities and/or overdose may be overcome with antidotes, such as
activated charcoal.
10. Disadvantage of Oral ROA: Pathways involved are the most complicated, and the low gastric pH
inactivates some drugs.
11. Enteric-coated Preparations: Chemical envelope that protects the drug from stomach acid, delivering
it instead to the less acidic intestine, where the coating dissolves and releases the drug.
12. Advantage of Enteric-coated Preparations: Useful for acid labile and drugs that are irritating
to the stomach (i.e. aspirin).
13. Extended-release Preparations: Have special coatings or ingredients that control drug release,
thereby allowing for slower absorption and prolonged duration of action.
14. Advantage of Extended-release Preparations: Can be dosed less frequently and may im-
prove patient compliance.
May maintain concentrations within the therapeutic range over a longer duration.
15. Sublingual ROA: Placement of drug under the tongue.
16. Buccal ROA: Placement of drug between the cheek and gum.
17. Advantages of Sublingual/Buccal ROA: Ease of administration, rapid absorption, bypass of
the harsh gastrointestinal (GI) environment, and avoidance of first-pass metabolism (see discussion of first-pass
metabolism below)
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Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hlmxks
1. Pharmacokinetics: What the BODY does to the DRUG
2. Pharmacodynamics: What the DRUG does to the BODY
3. 1. Absorption
2. Distribution
3. Metabolism
4. Elimination: Pharmacokinetic properties determining the onset, intensity, and duration of drug action.
4. Absorption: From the site of administration, permits entry of the drug (either directly or indirectly) into plasma.
5. Distribution: The drug may reversibly leave the bloodstream and distribute into the interstitial and intracellular
fluids.
6. Metabolism: The drug may be biotransformed through metabolism by the liver or other tissues.
7. Elimination: The drug and its metabolites are eliminated from the body in urine, bile, or feces.
8. Enteral ROA: Administration by mouth. The most common, convenient, and economical method of drug
administration.
9. Oral ROA: Easily self-administered, and toxicities and/or overdose may be overcome with antidotes, such as
activated charcoal.
10. Disadvantage of Oral ROA: Pathways involved are the most complicated, and the low gastric pH
inactivates some drugs.
11. Enteric-coated Preparations: Chemical envelope that protects the drug from stomach acid, delivering
it instead to the less acidic intestine, where the coating dissolves and releases the drug.
12. Advantage of Enteric-coated Preparations: Useful for acid labile and drugs that are irritating
to the stomach (i.e. aspirin).
13. Extended-release Preparations: Have special coatings or ingredients that control drug release,
thereby allowing for slower absorption and prolonged duration of action.
14. Advantage of Extended-release Preparations: Can be dosed less frequently and may im-
prove patient compliance.
May maintain concentrations within the therapeutic range over a longer duration.
15. Sublingual ROA: Placement of drug under the tongue.
16. Buccal ROA: Placement of drug between the cheek and gum.
17. Advantages of Sublingual/Buccal ROA: Ease of administration, rapid absorption, bypass of
the harsh gastrointestinal (GI) environment, and avoidance of first-pass metabolism (see discussion of first-pass
metabolism below)
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