NR 546 Advanced Pharmacology Psychopharmacology for the Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner Midterm Exam Study Guide (Week 1 - 4)

NR 546 Advanced Pharmacology Psychopharmacology
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for the Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner
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Midterm Exam Study Guide (Week 1 - 4) JT JT JT JT JT JT JT




1. What shouldthe PMHNP consider whenprescribing chemical restraints?: -
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-allergy status JT




-prior med hx for adverse drug reactions r/t the meds ordered in the chemicalrestraint
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-state regulations regarding chemical restrains must be reviewed
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2. Are the PMHNP and other staff liable if the client has an allergic reaction oradverse side
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JT effects to the drugs used for chemical restraint?:No.
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The client has been court-ordered to take the prescribed medications and the standing order
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for chemical restraints is approved.The PMHNP and other staff arenot liable if the patient has
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,JT an allergic reaction or adverse side effects.
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3. HowdoesreviewingthegeneticmakeupofaclienthelpguidethePMHNPinselecting
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JT medication for clients?: -Genetic testing can assist by providing more information on how
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JT clients may respond to certain psychotropic medications
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-provides information on how a client may break down and metabolize medicationsbased on
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JT the cytochrome P450 system.
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4. Tanr1kulu and Erba_ (2020) investigated identical twins to determine the presenceofan JT JT JT JT JT JT JT JT JT JT JT JT




inheritedlinkforschizophreniaandwhyonetwinmaydevelopschizophreniawhentheother
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doesnot.Whentwopeoplehave100%identicalDNA,whydon'tbothpersonsdevelopthe
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exactillnesses?StudiesofidenticalDanish twins found that if one twin had schizophrenia,
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JT the other twin had a 50% lifetime risk of developing schizophrenia (Lemvigh et al., 2020).
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JT Why is there only half the risk?: Both environmental and psychosocial stressors can im-pact
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mental health.Although twins may have identical genes, their gene expressionmay be
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JT different.


There may be an environmental exposure that turned a gene "on" that should havebeen "off"
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JT for one twin to develop schizophrenia and not the other.
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5. central sulcus: separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe
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6. frontal lobe:associated with movement, intelligence, abstract thinking
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7. broca's area:speech production JT JT JT




8. temporal lobe:involves object identification and auditory signals JT JT JT JT JT JT JT




9. cerebellum:coordination JT




10. wernicke's area:speech comprehension JT JT JT




11. occipital lobe:primary visual area JT JT JT JT

,12. parietal lobe: keeps us alert to what is going on around us
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13. sensory cortex: pain, heat, and other sensations
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14. motor cortex:movement
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15. hippocampus:involved in both memory and anxiety
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16. nucleus accumbens:involved in the reward process
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, 17. thalamus:involved in sensory organ and motor command processing JT JT JT JT JT JT JT JT




18. striatum:involvedincomplexmotoractions,alsolinkscognitiontomotoractions JT TJ TJ TJ TJ TJ TJ TJ TJ TJ TJ




19. limbic system:includes circuits that are associated with pleasure and reward
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20. basal ganglia:group of structures involved in voluntary motor movements
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21. amygdala:involved in emotional regulation and perception of odors JT JT JT JT JT JT JT JT




22. corpus callosum:controls the communication between the two brain hemi-spheres
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23. white matter:contains nerve fibers that connect neurons from different regionsinto
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JT functional circuits JT




24. grey matter: contains nerve cells and dendrites
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25. brain tissue:made up of grey matter and white matter
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26. dorsal striatum:involved in complex motor actions and linkage of cognition tomotor
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JT actions
-main input area for basal ganglia
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*activated when anticipating or engaging in pleasure JT JT JT JT JT JT




27. The field of epigenetics is rapidly growing and can help explain how gene
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expression is::influenced by environmental factors and how epigeneticscontributes to
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JT the manifestation of mental illness
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28. Howdoesepigeneticsimpactaperson'smentalhealth?:internalorexternalfactors
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JT activate portions of the genome that result in the manifestation of mental health symptoms
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-activation is often a result of a stressful event, which, when combined with thegenetic risk,
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JT results in the disease JT JT JT




-genes being on or off JT JT JT JT




-occurrence of symptoms may be the result of inheritance of an abnormal gene orof normal
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JT genes being "on" when they should be "off."
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