ACVREP O&M Exam Study 2025/2026
Exam Questions and Answers | A+ Score
Assured
Affordance - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔To gauge the difficulty of an environment by
its features— is a hill too steep, gravel too rough to cross the area
Environmental flow - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Perception while moving through an
area
sensory substitution - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A process by which information from
a damaged sensory channel is replaced by information entering via other
sensory channels.
perceptual learning - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔learning to recognize a particular
stimulus.
Unskilled perceptual learning - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Must concentrate to focus,
notice both relevant and irrelevant, near features only
,Skilled perceptual learning - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Becomes more automatic, can
multitask, focus on relevant features, able to focus on distant features
motor learning - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Acquisition of patterns of motor control,
through practice and experience, leading to a relatively permanent change
in the capacity to produce skilled movements.
Perceptual-motor coordination - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Coordinating motor actions
with perceptions of thing in the environment —ascending stairs
procedural knowledge - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Knowledge of how to do
something, such as riding a bike, finding a curb
Episodic knowledge - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔memory for places or events,
episodes of experience
Conceptual/Semantic Knowledge - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Knowledge of patterns.
Provides the ability to deal with new situations without starting from
scratch—street-curb-grass-sidewalk-grass relationships, house/office
numbering patterns, etc
Inter-sensory integration - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Dominance model, equal-
weighting model, probabilistic model
,Perceptual Errors - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Localization error & detection error
Localization errors - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Inability to locate something relative to
oneself
Main Processes for crossing a street - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Alignment, initiating
crossing, maintaining a straight heading
path integration - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Using information about self-movement &
things encountered on the way to keep to your route
Real & imagined spatial frameworks - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Mental mapping
Allocentric frame of reference - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Relating the location of
objects/places to one another
topocentric information - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Information about the locations of
landmarks/features
Polarcentric information - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Using cardinal directions
Cartographic information - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Locations of places/features as
they relate to a pattern such as a grid, numbering, labelling, etc
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, landmark - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A feature in the environment that is permanent
—can be a sound, smell, tactile or visual
Primary Landmark - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Always present in the environment and
would be difficult to miss as one travels along a path.
secondary landmark - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔This landmark is always present, but
could be missed
Information points/cues - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A feature that is not unique, but
could be used in combination with other cues/landmarks to confirm position
1940s - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Formal instruction in long cane began
1960s - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔O&M began considering techniques specifically
suited for low vision. From the 40s to 60s, techniques for the fully-blinded
were sued with people who had low vision.
1971 - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔First low vision O&M conference, held in San Fran.
1972 - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔First low vision course for O&M at Western Michigan
University.
Exam Questions and Answers | A+ Score
Assured
Affordance - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔To gauge the difficulty of an environment by
its features— is a hill too steep, gravel too rough to cross the area
Environmental flow - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Perception while moving through an
area
sensory substitution - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A process by which information from
a damaged sensory channel is replaced by information entering via other
sensory channels.
perceptual learning - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔learning to recognize a particular
stimulus.
Unskilled perceptual learning - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Must concentrate to focus,
notice both relevant and irrelevant, near features only
,Skilled perceptual learning - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Becomes more automatic, can
multitask, focus on relevant features, able to focus on distant features
motor learning - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Acquisition of patterns of motor control,
through practice and experience, leading to a relatively permanent change
in the capacity to produce skilled movements.
Perceptual-motor coordination - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Coordinating motor actions
with perceptions of thing in the environment —ascending stairs
procedural knowledge - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Knowledge of how to do
something, such as riding a bike, finding a curb
Episodic knowledge - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔memory for places or events,
episodes of experience
Conceptual/Semantic Knowledge - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Knowledge of patterns.
Provides the ability to deal with new situations without starting from
scratch—street-curb-grass-sidewalk-grass relationships, house/office
numbering patterns, etc
Inter-sensory integration - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Dominance model, equal-
weighting model, probabilistic model
,Perceptual Errors - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Localization error & detection error
Localization errors - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Inability to locate something relative to
oneself
Main Processes for crossing a street - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Alignment, initiating
crossing, maintaining a straight heading
path integration - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Using information about self-movement &
things encountered on the way to keep to your route
Real & imagined spatial frameworks - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Mental mapping
Allocentric frame of reference - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Relating the location of
objects/places to one another
topocentric information - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Information about the locations of
landmarks/features
Polarcentric information - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Using cardinal directions
Cartographic information - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Locations of places/features as
they relate to a pattern such as a grid, numbering, labelling, etc
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, landmark - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A feature in the environment that is permanent
—can be a sound, smell, tactile or visual
Primary Landmark - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Always present in the environment and
would be difficult to miss as one travels along a path.
secondary landmark - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔This landmark is always present, but
could be missed
Information points/cues - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A feature that is not unique, but
could be used in combination with other cues/landmarks to confirm position
1940s - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Formal instruction in long cane began
1960s - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔O&M began considering techniques specifically
suited for low vision. From the 40s to 60s, techniques for the fully-blinded
were sued with people who had low vision.
1971 - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔First low vision O&M conference, held in San Fran.
1972 - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔First low vision course for O&M at Western Michigan
University.
