PATHOLOGY CH 4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i1eyl8
1. cardiovascular system: consist of the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins
2. pulmonary circulation: transports blood between the heart and lungs for exchange of blood gases
3. systematic circulation: transports blood between the heart and the rest of the body
4. the heart: acts as a pump to propel blood thru out the body via circulatory vessels, lies within the mediastinum
in the anterior chest, 2 upper ( R&L Atria) 2 lower chambers (R&L ventricles)
5. endocardium: inner most tissue layer, smooth
6. myocardium: middle tissue layer, muscular
7. epicardium: outermost tissue layer, protective coating
8. Flow of blood through the heart: RA receives de-oxygenated blood from the body via SVC & IVC.
The deoxygenated blood passes through the R atrioventricular valve (tricuspid) into the RV. The RV contracts during
systole(contraction of the heart), thus propelling the blood to the lungs through the pulmonary valve and pulmonary
trunk, which bifurcates into the R and L main pulmonary arteries. (The exchange of gases occurs at the capillary-alveolar
level within the lungs.) The now oxygenated blood is return to the LA through 4 pulmonary veins. Oxygenated blood
flows from the LA through the L atrioventricular valve (mitral valve) to the LV. The LV is responsible for pumping the
oxygenated blood throughout the systemic circulatory system.
9. systole: contraction of the myocardium
10. diastole: relaxation phase of the heartbeat
11. sinoatrial (SA) node: The pacemaker of the heart, located in the upper right atrium near the SVS
12. arteries: carry blood away from the heart
13. veins: carry blood to the heart
14. Capillaries: vessels that connect arteries to veins
15. cardimegaly: an enlarged heart (indicator of cardiovascular findings)
16. foramen ovale: opening between right and left atria, allows blood to bypass the pulmonary circulatory
system, if failure to close congenital anomalies can occur
17. murmur: abnormal heart sound resulting from disturbed flow thru malformed valves
18. Ductus arteriosus: a temporary vessel that is used during in utero life. It shunts blood from the pulmonary
artery into the systemic circulation because pulmonary circulation is not needed during this time. If it does not close at
birth, patent ductus arteriosus results
19. patent ductus arteriosus: arterial blood within the aorta is shunted into the pulmonary trunk via the
open ductus arteriosus instead of out into the circulatory system, more common in premature infants, occurs in 80%
of infants born before 28 weeks gestation, surgery is last resort (1-2 yo)
1/3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i1eyl8
1. cardiovascular system: consist of the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins
2. pulmonary circulation: transports blood between the heart and lungs for exchange of blood gases
3. systematic circulation: transports blood between the heart and the rest of the body
4. the heart: acts as a pump to propel blood thru out the body via circulatory vessels, lies within the mediastinum
in the anterior chest, 2 upper ( R&L Atria) 2 lower chambers (R&L ventricles)
5. endocardium: inner most tissue layer, smooth
6. myocardium: middle tissue layer, muscular
7. epicardium: outermost tissue layer, protective coating
8. Flow of blood through the heart: RA receives de-oxygenated blood from the body via SVC & IVC.
The deoxygenated blood passes through the R atrioventricular valve (tricuspid) into the RV. The RV contracts during
systole(contraction of the heart), thus propelling the blood to the lungs through the pulmonary valve and pulmonary
trunk, which bifurcates into the R and L main pulmonary arteries. (The exchange of gases occurs at the capillary-alveolar
level within the lungs.) The now oxygenated blood is return to the LA through 4 pulmonary veins. Oxygenated blood
flows from the LA through the L atrioventricular valve (mitral valve) to the LV. The LV is responsible for pumping the
oxygenated blood throughout the systemic circulatory system.
9. systole: contraction of the myocardium
10. diastole: relaxation phase of the heartbeat
11. sinoatrial (SA) node: The pacemaker of the heart, located in the upper right atrium near the SVS
12. arteries: carry blood away from the heart
13. veins: carry blood to the heart
14. Capillaries: vessels that connect arteries to veins
15. cardimegaly: an enlarged heart (indicator of cardiovascular findings)
16. foramen ovale: opening between right and left atria, allows blood to bypass the pulmonary circulatory
system, if failure to close congenital anomalies can occur
17. murmur: abnormal heart sound resulting from disturbed flow thru malformed valves
18. Ductus arteriosus: a temporary vessel that is used during in utero life. It shunts blood from the pulmonary
artery into the systemic circulation because pulmonary circulation is not needed during this time. If it does not close at
birth, patent ductus arteriosus results
19. patent ductus arteriosus: arterial blood within the aorta is shunted into the pulmonary trunk via the
open ductus arteriosus instead of out into the circulatory system, more common in premature infants, occurs in 80%
of infants born before 28 weeks gestation, surgery is last resort (1-2 yo)
1/3
