1
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DHN 311 exam 2 Questions and Answers
(100% Correct Answers) Already Graded
A+
Oxioreductases [ Ans: ] · catalyze simultaneously an oxidation
and a reduction. Substrate undergoes either oxidation or
reduction while enzyme does opposite, but substrate eventually
returns to normal.
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o Dehydrogenases, reductases, oxidases, peroxidases...
transferases [ Ans: ] · catalyze the transfer of a group from
molecule to another. NOT REDOX.
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o Transketolase, transaldolase, transmethylase, and
transaminases.
hydrolases [ Ans: ] · catalyze the cleavage of a bond through
the insertion of water.
o Esterase, amidases, peptidases, phosphatases, and
glycosidases.
lyases [ Ans: ] · catalyze the removal of a group by breaking the
bond between 2 molecules with the addition of a double bond or
group
o Decarboxylases, aldolases, synthetases...)
isomerases [ Ans: ] · catalyze the conversion of one isomer to
another
o Isomerases, mutases, racemases
liases [ Ans: ] · catalyze the formation of bonds between carbon
and a variety of other atoms- O, S, N. Requires energy.
o Acetyl Coa synthetase.
, 2
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In a catabolic reaction, the substrate of the reaction tends to be
______ (oxidized or reduced), which means the coenzyme tends to
be reduced. The reducing equivalents, NADH/FADH2, are used to
generate energy and tend to be generated during catabolic
reactions. Catabolic reactions also generate ______ which is also
chemical energy. [ Ans: ] Oxidized. ATP
During an anabolic reaction NAD, FAD, ADP are generated. They
are generated at the expense of using some energy to build a
larger molecule that might be stored as energy reserves (ex. Fat).
In this case the substrate of the reaction is _______ (oxidized or
reduced) leaving the coenzyme to be oxidized. When NAD, FAD,
ADP were generated they released energy. [ Ans: ] Reduced.
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The major anabolic hormone is known as ____ (insulin or
glucagon)? [ Ans: ] insulin
Insulin turns ______ (on or off) the following -- Glucose uptake,
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glycogen synthesis, protein synthesis, fat synthesis. Insulin is
associated with building or synthesizing molecules as well as
storing fuel sources such as glycogen and fat. [ Ans: ] on
Major catabolic hormones include ____ (insulin, epinephrine,
norepinephrine or glucagon). Glucagon and the catecholamines
are associated with breaking stored fuel sources down and
oxidizing them to generate energy. [ Ans: ] glucagon
Glucagon and insulin tend to be released at the same time or at
different times? Do they work in opposition to one another? [ Ans:
] They tend to be released at different times. Insulin during the fed
state and glucagon during the fasted state. They work in
opposition. Insulin works to store extra glucose as glycogen and
fat. Glucagon works to break down these energy stores in order to
supply the body.
Does glucagon turn on or off the following reactions:
gluconeogenesis, glycogen breakdown, beta oxidation,
ketogenesis. [ Ans: ] on
Do we oxidize or reduce the foods that we eat to obtain energy
from them? Oxidative pathways that we utilize to generate
, 3
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energy from food includes glycolysis, citric acid cycle, beta
oxidation and electron transport chain/oxidative phosphorylation.
[ Ans: ] The primary mechanism used by non-photosynthetic
organisms to obtain energy is oxidation.
We get more energy from fat or carbohydrates because it
contains more hydrogen, which means it is more reduced. We
generate more NADH and acetyl CoA from fat than
carbohydrates. Why do fats have more energy? [ Ans: ] Fats are
more reduced than carbs, so we are able to oxidize them more.
This allows us to get more energy off of them when compared to
carbs.
Give three examples of pathways in our bodies that used ATP. [
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Ans: ] Glycolysis, Sodium Potassium Pumps, Energy sources for
muscle contraction.
Where is energy stored in ATP? [ Ans: ] in the bonds between the
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phosphates
Does 1 molecule of glucose or 1 molecule of palmitic acid make
more ATP and why? [ Ans: ] 1 molecule of palmitic acid. There is
a longer carbon chain in palmitic acid. This gives it the ability to
be more reduced than glucose. There are more hydrogens
available. In turn, this allows the acid to be more oxidized so that
more ATP will come from it.
What are the two ways that humans generate ATP? Which is
major and which is minor? [ Ans: ] Substrate level
phosphorylation (minor)- direct synthesis of ATP from ADP and a
reactive intermediate. This intermediate is usually a high energy
phosphate containing molecule.
Phosphoeneolpyruvate + ADP --> Pyruvate + ATP
Oxidative phosphorylation (major)- oxidation of energy rich
molecules, like carbs à CO2 and water, there is transport of
electrons that lose much of their free energy. The free energy is
captured and stored by the production of ATP from ADP and Pi.
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DHN 311 exam 2 Questions and Answers
(100% Correct Answers) Already Graded
A+
Oxioreductases [ Ans: ] · catalyze simultaneously an oxidation
and a reduction. Substrate undergoes either oxidation or
reduction while enzyme does opposite, but substrate eventually
returns to normal.
© 2025 Assignment Expert
o Dehydrogenases, reductases, oxidases, peroxidases...
transferases [ Ans: ] · catalyze the transfer of a group from
molecule to another. NOT REDOX.
Guru01 - Stuvia
o Transketolase, transaldolase, transmethylase, and
transaminases.
hydrolases [ Ans: ] · catalyze the cleavage of a bond through
the insertion of water.
o Esterase, amidases, peptidases, phosphatases, and
glycosidases.
lyases [ Ans: ] · catalyze the removal of a group by breaking the
bond between 2 molecules with the addition of a double bond or
group
o Decarboxylases, aldolases, synthetases...)
isomerases [ Ans: ] · catalyze the conversion of one isomer to
another
o Isomerases, mutases, racemases
liases [ Ans: ] · catalyze the formation of bonds between carbon
and a variety of other atoms- O, S, N. Requires energy.
o Acetyl Coa synthetase.
, 2
For Expert help and assignment solutions, +254707240657
In a catabolic reaction, the substrate of the reaction tends to be
______ (oxidized or reduced), which means the coenzyme tends to
be reduced. The reducing equivalents, NADH/FADH2, are used to
generate energy and tend to be generated during catabolic
reactions. Catabolic reactions also generate ______ which is also
chemical energy. [ Ans: ] Oxidized. ATP
During an anabolic reaction NAD, FAD, ADP are generated. They
are generated at the expense of using some energy to build a
larger molecule that might be stored as energy reserves (ex. Fat).
In this case the substrate of the reaction is _______ (oxidized or
reduced) leaving the coenzyme to be oxidized. When NAD, FAD,
ADP were generated they released energy. [ Ans: ] Reduced.
© 2025 Assignment Expert
The major anabolic hormone is known as ____ (insulin or
glucagon)? [ Ans: ] insulin
Insulin turns ______ (on or off) the following -- Glucose uptake,
Guru01 - Stuvia
glycogen synthesis, protein synthesis, fat synthesis. Insulin is
associated with building or synthesizing molecules as well as
storing fuel sources such as glycogen and fat. [ Ans: ] on
Major catabolic hormones include ____ (insulin, epinephrine,
norepinephrine or glucagon). Glucagon and the catecholamines
are associated with breaking stored fuel sources down and
oxidizing them to generate energy. [ Ans: ] glucagon
Glucagon and insulin tend to be released at the same time or at
different times? Do they work in opposition to one another? [ Ans:
] They tend to be released at different times. Insulin during the fed
state and glucagon during the fasted state. They work in
opposition. Insulin works to store extra glucose as glycogen and
fat. Glucagon works to break down these energy stores in order to
supply the body.
Does glucagon turn on or off the following reactions:
gluconeogenesis, glycogen breakdown, beta oxidation,
ketogenesis. [ Ans: ] on
Do we oxidize or reduce the foods that we eat to obtain energy
from them? Oxidative pathways that we utilize to generate
, 3
For Expert help and assignment solutions, +254707240657
energy from food includes glycolysis, citric acid cycle, beta
oxidation and electron transport chain/oxidative phosphorylation.
[ Ans: ] The primary mechanism used by non-photosynthetic
organisms to obtain energy is oxidation.
We get more energy from fat or carbohydrates because it
contains more hydrogen, which means it is more reduced. We
generate more NADH and acetyl CoA from fat than
carbohydrates. Why do fats have more energy? [ Ans: ] Fats are
more reduced than carbs, so we are able to oxidize them more.
This allows us to get more energy off of them when compared to
carbs.
Give three examples of pathways in our bodies that used ATP. [
© 2025 Assignment Expert
Ans: ] Glycolysis, Sodium Potassium Pumps, Energy sources for
muscle contraction.
Where is energy stored in ATP? [ Ans: ] in the bonds between the
Guru01 - Stuvia
phosphates
Does 1 molecule of glucose or 1 molecule of palmitic acid make
more ATP and why? [ Ans: ] 1 molecule of palmitic acid. There is
a longer carbon chain in palmitic acid. This gives it the ability to
be more reduced than glucose. There are more hydrogens
available. In turn, this allows the acid to be more oxidized so that
more ATP will come from it.
What are the two ways that humans generate ATP? Which is
major and which is minor? [ Ans: ] Substrate level
phosphorylation (minor)- direct synthesis of ATP from ADP and a
reactive intermediate. This intermediate is usually a high energy
phosphate containing molecule.
Phosphoeneolpyruvate + ADP --> Pyruvate + ATP
Oxidative phosphorylation (major)- oxidation of energy rich
molecules, like carbs à CO2 and water, there is transport of
electrons that lose much of their free energy. The free energy is
captured and stored by the production of ATP from ADP and Pi.
