TEST BANK
A CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 11TH EDITION
Patrick J. Hurley
,Chapter 1 Test A
MULTIPLE CHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments
and identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are working
more and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a typical
woman spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity considered
unpleasant. Today, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant.
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women.
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxing less.
ANS: D PTS: 2
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other
metals in biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood pressure
(which can cause development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults), heme production
(which can lead to anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the reactions that
transmit electrical impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall information.
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry"
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production.
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions.
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall information.
ANS: C PTS: 2
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to choose the
proper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of
emotion and action were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who have
the capacity to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule"
whatever the situation.
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely.
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself.
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation.
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E PTS: 2
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and federal income tax
and Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amount these
merchants pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings of their
employers and the amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal
immigrants contribute nothing to the communities in which they live.
a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live.
1
, b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers pay.
c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes.
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A PTS: 2
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-arrested,
over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African-American women are seven times more likely to be
arrested for prostitution than women of other ethnic groups. Black women have received significantly
longer sentences for crimes against property and served longer periods in prison. For both murder and
drug offenses, Euroamerican women ended up serving one-third less time for the same offenses than
black women.
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the U.S."
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses ... black women.
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced.
e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer periods in prison.
ANS: B PTS: 2
6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall. There are criminal
elements lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out probes to detect unprotected PCs. Once a
vulnerable computer is found, these criminals install software that assists them in committing identity
theft and fencing stolen IDs. They also defraud online advertisers by using these zombie computers to
visit pay-per-click ads.
a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected PCs.
b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads.
e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected by a firewall.
ANS: E PTS: 2
7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must be made through
the atmosphere, and the phenomena of the upper atmosphere and the magnetosphere reflect the state of
interplanetary space. The earth is also the most important object of comparison for planetologists.
Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental Astronomy
a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space.
b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists.
c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy.
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... through the atmosphere.
ANS: C PTS: 2
8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff, communities
abutting tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers, and the makers of traditional medicines can
be persuaded that tiger parts are not needed, then tiger poaching will be halted, habitat and life
sustaining prey will be restored, and the immanent extinction of tigers in the wild will be averted.
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger products is banned.
c. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted.
d. Argument; conclusion: The makers of traditional medicines ... not needed.
2
, e. Argument; sconclusion: sTiger spoaching swill sbe shalted s... swill sbe
saverted.
ANS: s A PTS: s s2
9. Humans sare sbiological sorganisms. sTo sunderstand sour sbehavior sand smental sprocesses, swe sneed
sto sunderstand stheir sbiological sunderpinnings, sstarting swith sthe scellular slevel, sthe sneuron. sHow
swe sfeel, slearn, sremember, sand sthink sall sstem sfrom sneuronal sactivity. sSo, show sa sneuron sworks
sand show sneurons scommunicate sare scrucial spieces sof sinformation sin ssolving sthe spuzzle sof
shuman sbehavior sand smental sprocessing.
Richard sGriggs, sPsychology: sA sConcise sIntroduction
a. Argument; sconclusion: sTo sunderstand sour sbehavior s... sthe
sneuron.
b. Argument; sconclusion: sHumans sare sbiological sorganisms.
c. Argument; sconclusion: sHow swe sfeel s... sneuronal sactivity.
d. Argument; sconclusion: sHow sa sneuron sworks s... smental
sprocessing.
e. Nonargument.
ANS: s D PTS: s s2
10. Viruses sare sacellular sentities stoo ssmall sto sbe sseen swith sa slight smicroscope. sThey sare scomposed
sof sa snucleic sacid sand sa sfew sproteins. sViruses sreplicate sthemselves sand sdisplay sother sproperties
sof sliving sorganisms sonly swhen sthey shave sinvaded sliving scells. sIndeed, ssome sviruses scan sbe
scrystallized sand sstored sin sa scontainer son sa sshelf sfor syears, sbut sthey sretain sthe scapacity sto
sinvade scells sand scause sdisease.
Jacquelyn sC. sBlack, sMicrobiology: sPrinciples sand sExplorations
a. Argument; sconclusion: sThey sare scomposed sof sa snucleic sacid sand sa sfew
sproteins.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; sconclusion: sViruses sare sacellular sentities s... smicroscope.
d. Argument; sconclusion: sIndeed, ssome sviruses scan sbe scrystallized s... scause
sdisease.
e. Argument; sconclusion: sViruses sreplicate sthemselves s... sinvaded sliving scells.
ANS: s B PTS: s s2
11. Harnessing sthe sclean, sabundant senergy sof sthe ssun sand swind sis scritical sto ssolving sthe sglobal
swarming sproblem. sTechnological sadvances shave sbrought sthe scost sof selectricity sgenerated sby
sthe swind sdown sby s82 spercent ssince s1981. sSolar senergy stechnology shas smade sremarkable
sprogress sas snew sphotovoltaic scells shave sbeen sdeveloped sto sconvert seven sgreater samounts sof
ssunlight sdirectly sinto selectricity. sToday sthe scosts sof swind sand ssolar spower sare sbecoming
scompetitive swith sdirty scoal-fired splants.
Sierra sClub, s"Global sWarming sSolutions"
a. Argument; sconclusion: sToday sthe scosts sof swind s... sdirty scoal-fired
splants.
b. Argument; sconclusion: sTechnological sadvances s... sby s82 spercent ssince
s1981.
c. Argument; sconclusion: sHarnessing sthe sclean s... sthe sglobal swarming
sproblem.
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; sconclusion: sSolar senergy stechnology s... sdirectly sinto
selectricity.
ANS: s D PTS: s s2
12. It sis slikely sthat sinnocent sprisoners sin sthis scountry shave sbeen sexecuted sfor scrimes sthey sdid snot
scommit. sFrom s1973 suntil s2007, s124 sdeath srow sinmates shave sbeen sexonerated. sIn smany sof
sthese scases sDNA sevidence splayed sa scrucial srole. sYet, sin sthat ssame stime sframe, smore sthan
3
A CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 11TH EDITION
Patrick J. Hurley
,Chapter 1 Test A
MULTIPLE CHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments
and identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are working
more and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a typical
woman spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity considered
unpleasant. Today, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant.
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women.
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxing less.
ANS: D PTS: 2
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other
metals in biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood pressure
(which can cause development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults), heme production
(which can lead to anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the reactions that
transmit electrical impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall information.
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry"
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production.
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions.
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall information.
ANS: C PTS: 2
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to choose the
proper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of
emotion and action were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who have
the capacity to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule"
whatever the situation.
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely.
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself.
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation.
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E PTS: 2
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and federal income tax
and Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amount these
merchants pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings of their
employers and the amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal
immigrants contribute nothing to the communities in which they live.
a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live.
1
, b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers pay.
c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes.
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A PTS: 2
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-arrested,
over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African-American women are seven times more likely to be
arrested for prostitution than women of other ethnic groups. Black women have received significantly
longer sentences for crimes against property and served longer periods in prison. For both murder and
drug offenses, Euroamerican women ended up serving one-third less time for the same offenses than
black women.
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the U.S."
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses ... black women.
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced.
e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer periods in prison.
ANS: B PTS: 2
6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall. There are criminal
elements lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out probes to detect unprotected PCs. Once a
vulnerable computer is found, these criminals install software that assists them in committing identity
theft and fencing stolen IDs. They also defraud online advertisers by using these zombie computers to
visit pay-per-click ads.
a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected PCs.
b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads.
e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected by a firewall.
ANS: E PTS: 2
7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must be made through
the atmosphere, and the phenomena of the upper atmosphere and the magnetosphere reflect the state of
interplanetary space. The earth is also the most important object of comparison for planetologists.
Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental Astronomy
a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space.
b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists.
c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy.
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... through the atmosphere.
ANS: C PTS: 2
8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff, communities
abutting tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers, and the makers of traditional medicines can
be persuaded that tiger parts are not needed, then tiger poaching will be halted, habitat and life
sustaining prey will be restored, and the immanent extinction of tigers in the wild will be averted.
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger products is banned.
c. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted.
d. Argument; conclusion: The makers of traditional medicines ... not needed.
2
, e. Argument; sconclusion: sTiger spoaching swill sbe shalted s... swill sbe
saverted.
ANS: s A PTS: s s2
9. Humans sare sbiological sorganisms. sTo sunderstand sour sbehavior sand smental sprocesses, swe sneed
sto sunderstand stheir sbiological sunderpinnings, sstarting swith sthe scellular slevel, sthe sneuron. sHow
swe sfeel, slearn, sremember, sand sthink sall sstem sfrom sneuronal sactivity. sSo, show sa sneuron sworks
sand show sneurons scommunicate sare scrucial spieces sof sinformation sin ssolving sthe spuzzle sof
shuman sbehavior sand smental sprocessing.
Richard sGriggs, sPsychology: sA sConcise sIntroduction
a. Argument; sconclusion: sTo sunderstand sour sbehavior s... sthe
sneuron.
b. Argument; sconclusion: sHumans sare sbiological sorganisms.
c. Argument; sconclusion: sHow swe sfeel s... sneuronal sactivity.
d. Argument; sconclusion: sHow sa sneuron sworks s... smental
sprocessing.
e. Nonargument.
ANS: s D PTS: s s2
10. Viruses sare sacellular sentities stoo ssmall sto sbe sseen swith sa slight smicroscope. sThey sare scomposed
sof sa snucleic sacid sand sa sfew sproteins. sViruses sreplicate sthemselves sand sdisplay sother sproperties
sof sliving sorganisms sonly swhen sthey shave sinvaded sliving scells. sIndeed, ssome sviruses scan sbe
scrystallized sand sstored sin sa scontainer son sa sshelf sfor syears, sbut sthey sretain sthe scapacity sto
sinvade scells sand scause sdisease.
Jacquelyn sC. sBlack, sMicrobiology: sPrinciples sand sExplorations
a. Argument; sconclusion: sThey sare scomposed sof sa snucleic sacid sand sa sfew
sproteins.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; sconclusion: sViruses sare sacellular sentities s... smicroscope.
d. Argument; sconclusion: sIndeed, ssome sviruses scan sbe scrystallized s... scause
sdisease.
e. Argument; sconclusion: sViruses sreplicate sthemselves s... sinvaded sliving scells.
ANS: s B PTS: s s2
11. Harnessing sthe sclean, sabundant senergy sof sthe ssun sand swind sis scritical sto ssolving sthe sglobal
swarming sproblem. sTechnological sadvances shave sbrought sthe scost sof selectricity sgenerated sby
sthe swind sdown sby s82 spercent ssince s1981. sSolar senergy stechnology shas smade sremarkable
sprogress sas snew sphotovoltaic scells shave sbeen sdeveloped sto sconvert seven sgreater samounts sof
ssunlight sdirectly sinto selectricity. sToday sthe scosts sof swind sand ssolar spower sare sbecoming
scompetitive swith sdirty scoal-fired splants.
Sierra sClub, s"Global sWarming sSolutions"
a. Argument; sconclusion: sToday sthe scosts sof swind s... sdirty scoal-fired
splants.
b. Argument; sconclusion: sTechnological sadvances s... sby s82 spercent ssince
s1981.
c. Argument; sconclusion: sHarnessing sthe sclean s... sthe sglobal swarming
sproblem.
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; sconclusion: sSolar senergy stechnology s... sdirectly sinto
selectricity.
ANS: s D PTS: s s2
12. It sis slikely sthat sinnocent sprisoners sin sthis scountry shave sbeen sexecuted sfor scrimes sthey sdid snot
scommit. sFrom s1973 suntil s2007, s124 sdeath srow sinmates shave sbeen sexonerated. sIn smany sof
sthese scases sDNA sevidence splayed sa scrucial srole. sYet, sin sthat ssame stime sframe, smore sthan
3
