TNCC 9TH REAL EXAM ACTUAL VERIFIED EXAM TEST BANK | INCLUDES 4
TESTED VERSIONS OF THE EXAM WITH 500 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A
According to newtons law which of these two force is greater: size or force? -
ANSNeither. For each force there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Define Cushing's triad - ANSBradycardia, progressive hypertension
(widening pulse pressure), and decreased respiratory effort
Define the characteristics of neurogenic shock - ANSDistributive shock with
a T6 or higher injury results and vasodilation, bradycardia, flushed warm dry
skin. Risk for temperature instability. Nursing interventions include
maintaining warmth and spinal stabilization.
Define the characteristics of spinal shock - ANSTransient loss of function can
include loss of reflexes and muscle tone below the level of industry with
possible vascular response.
Describe one fat embolism syndrome is most likely to occur in its
characteristics - ANSWith longform fractures. Tachycardia,
Thrombocytopenia, and petechiae rash.
Describe the characteristics of cardiogenic shock - ANSCardiogenic shock
results from pump failure in the presence of adequate intravascular volume.
Lack of cardiac output and an organ perfusion occurs secondary to a
decrease in myocardial contractility and or valvular insufficiency. This can
happen with blunt cardiac trauma or an MI. Symptoms can include low blood
pressure increase heart rate and respiratory rate chest pain shortness of
breath dysrhythmias increase troponin and pale cool moist skin
Describe the characteristics of distributive shock. - ANSDistributive shock
occurs as a result of Mel distribution of an adequate circulating blood
volume with the loss of vascular tone or increased permeability. This can
occur with spinal cord injuries, sepsis, or anaphylaxis. Symptoms include low
blood pressure heart rate respiratory rate preload and afterload, spinal
tenderness, difficulty breathing, warm pink and dry skin with a cool core
temperature.
Describe the characteristics of hypovolemic shock - ANSHypovolemia is
caused by a decrease in the amount of circulating volume usually caused by
massive bleeding, but also can be from vomiting and diarrhea.
Characteristics include low blood pressure and preload, increase heart rate
respiratory rate and afterload, with contractility unchanged. Signs include
obvious bleeding, weak peripheral pulses, pale cool and moist skin,
distended abdomen, pelvic fracture, or bruise swollen and deformed
extremities especially long bones.
,TNCC 9TH REAL EXAM ACTUAL VERIFIED EXAM TEST BANK | INCLUDES 4
TESTED VERSIONS OF THE EXAM WITH 500 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A
Describe the characteristics of obstructive shock - ANSObstructive shock is it
mechanical problem that results from hypoperfusion of the tissue due to an
obstruction in either the vasculature or the heart resulting in decreased
cardiac output. Some causes include a tension pneumothorax, cardiac
tamponade, or venous air embolism on the right side of the heart during
systole in the pulmonary artery.Signs include anxiety, muffled heart sounds,
JVD, hypertension, chest pain, difficulty breathing, or pulses paradoxes.
Describe the four types of spinal cord injury - ANSCentral cord injury results
in greater weakness distally, anterior injury includes motor loss or weakness
below the cord level of injury yet sensory is intact, Brown-Sequard
(hemicord) is weak on one side with sensory deficit on opposite side,
posterior cord syndrome although rare is when the patient is unable to use
sense vibration in proprioception
Describe the measurement of an NPA - ANSMeasure from the tip of the
patient's nose to the tip of the patients earlobe.
Differentiate between the three impacts of motor vehicle impact sequence. -
ANSThe first impact occurs when the vehicle collided with another object.
The second impact occurs after the initial impact when the occupant
continues to move in the original direction of travel until they collide with
the interior of the vehicle or meet resistance. The third impact occurs when
internal structures collide within the body cavity.
Measurement of an OPA - ANSPlace the proximal end or flange of the airway
adjunct at the corner of the mouth to the tip of the mandibular angle.
Name the three ways to confirm ETT placement - ANSPlacement of a CO2
monitoring device, Assessing for equal chest rise and fall, and listening at
the epigastrium and four lung fields for equal breath sounds.
True or false: NPAs and OPAs are definitive airways. - ANSFalse. When
placing one of these? One should consider the potential need for a definitive
airway.
What are contributing factors to injuries related to blunt traumas? - ANSThe
point of impact on the patient's body, the type of surface that is hit, the
tissues ability to resist (bone versus soft tissue, air-filled versus solid
organs), and the trajectory of force.
What are the early signs of increased Intracranial pressure - ANSheadache,
vomiting, behavioral changes that begin with restlessness and may progress
to confusion, drowsiness, or impaired judgment
,TNCC 9TH REAL EXAM ACTUAL VERIFIED EXAM TEST BANK | INCLUDES 4
TESTED VERSIONS OF THE EXAM WITH 500 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A
What are the four types of shock? - ANSHypovolemic, Cardiogenic,
Obstructive, & Distributive
What are the four types of trauma related injuries? - ANSBlunt, penetrating,
thermal, or blast.
What are the greatest risks for transport? - ANSLoss of airway patency,
displaced obstructive tubes lines or catheters, dislodge splinting devices,
need to replace or reinforce dressings, deterioration in patient status
change in vital signs or level of consciousness, injury to the patient and/or
team members
What are the late signs of Increased intracranial pressure - ANSdilated, non-
reactive pupil(s); abnormal motor posturing (flexion, extension, flaccidity);
Cushing's triad, Unresponsive to per verbal and painful stimuli, bradycardia
and decreased respiratory effort
What are the seven patterns of pathway injuries related to motor vehicle
accidents? - ANSUp and over, down and under, lateral, rotational, rear, roll
over, and ejection.
What are the signs and symptoms of decompensated shock? -
ANSDecreased level of consciousness, hypertension, narrow pulse pressure,
tachycardia with weak pulses, tachypnea, skin that is cool clammy and
cyanotic, base access outside the normal range, and serum lactate levels
greater than two to 4MMOL/L.
What are the signs and symptoms of irreversible shock? - ANSObtunded
stuporous or comatose state, marked hypertension and heart failure,
bradycardia with possible dysrhythmias, decreased and shallow respiratory
rate, pale cool and clammy skin, kidney liver and other organ failure, severe
acidosis, elevated lactic acid levels, worsening base access on ABGs,
coagulopathies with petechiae purpura or bleeding.
What are the signs of compensated shock? - ANSAnxiety, confusion,
restlessness, increased respiratory rate, narrowing pulse pressure were
diastolic increases yet systolic remains unchanged, tachycardia with
bounding pulses, and decreased urinary output
What are the symptoms of a subdural hematoma? - ANSDecreased LOC,
nausea vomiting headache and ipsilateral pupillary changes
What are the three factors that contribute to the damage caused by
penetrating trauma's? - ANSThe point of impact, the velocity and speed of
impact, and the proximity to the object.
, TNCC 9TH REAL EXAM ACTUAL VERIFIED EXAM TEST BANK | INCLUDES 4
TESTED VERSIONS OF THE EXAM WITH 500 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A
What are the three processes that transfer oxygen from the air to the lungs
and blood stream - ANSVentilation: the active mechanical movement of air
into and out of the lungs; diffusion: the passive movement of gases from an
area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration; and
perfusion: the movement of blood to and from the lungs as a delivery
medium of oxygen to the entire body.
What are the three stages of shock - ANSCompensated, decompensated or
progressive, and irreversible.
What are the treatment goals for a TBI? - ANSO2 saturation > or equal to
95%, systolic blood pressure > or equal to 100 MMHG, ICP < 15 MMHG, CPP
> or equal to 60 MMHG, normal glycemia, hemoglobin > or equal to 7 g/DL,
sodium 135-145, osmotic diuretics, anti-emetics, sedatives, anticonvulsants,
head of bed at 30°, and neck at midline
What causes quarternary effects of blast traumas? - ANSAll explosion related
injuries, illnesses, or diseases not due to the first three mechanisms. Injuries
include external and internal burns, crush injuries, closed and open brain
injuries, asthmatic or breathing problems from dust smoke or toxic fumes,
angina, or hyper glycemia and hypertension.
What causes quinary effects of blasts traumas? - ANSThose associated with
exposure to hazardous materials from radioactive, biologic, or chemical
components of a blast. Injuries include a variety of health effects depending
on agent.
What causes the primary effects of blast traumas? - ANSThe direct blast
effects. Types of injuries include last long, tympanic membrane rupture and
middle ear damage, abdominal hemorrhage and perforation, global rupture,
mild Trumatic brain injury.
What causes the secondary effects of blast traumas? - ANSProjectiles
propelled by the explosion. Injuries include penetrating or blunt injuries or I
penetration.
What causes the tertiary effects of blast traumas? - ANSResults from
individuals being thrown by the blast wind. Injuries include hole or partial
body translocation from being thrown against a hard service: blunt or
penetrating trauma's, fractures, traumatic amputations.
What is a trademark symptom of an epidural hematoma - ANSLoss of
consciousness then awake and alert then loss of consciousness
What is bending? - ANSLoading about an axis. Bending causes compression
on the side the person is bending toward intention to the opposite side
TESTED VERSIONS OF THE EXAM WITH 500 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A
According to newtons law which of these two force is greater: size or force? -
ANSNeither. For each force there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Define Cushing's triad - ANSBradycardia, progressive hypertension
(widening pulse pressure), and decreased respiratory effort
Define the characteristics of neurogenic shock - ANSDistributive shock with
a T6 or higher injury results and vasodilation, bradycardia, flushed warm dry
skin. Risk for temperature instability. Nursing interventions include
maintaining warmth and spinal stabilization.
Define the characteristics of spinal shock - ANSTransient loss of function can
include loss of reflexes and muscle tone below the level of industry with
possible vascular response.
Describe one fat embolism syndrome is most likely to occur in its
characteristics - ANSWith longform fractures. Tachycardia,
Thrombocytopenia, and petechiae rash.
Describe the characteristics of cardiogenic shock - ANSCardiogenic shock
results from pump failure in the presence of adequate intravascular volume.
Lack of cardiac output and an organ perfusion occurs secondary to a
decrease in myocardial contractility and or valvular insufficiency. This can
happen with blunt cardiac trauma or an MI. Symptoms can include low blood
pressure increase heart rate and respiratory rate chest pain shortness of
breath dysrhythmias increase troponin and pale cool moist skin
Describe the characteristics of distributive shock. - ANSDistributive shock
occurs as a result of Mel distribution of an adequate circulating blood
volume with the loss of vascular tone or increased permeability. This can
occur with spinal cord injuries, sepsis, or anaphylaxis. Symptoms include low
blood pressure heart rate respiratory rate preload and afterload, spinal
tenderness, difficulty breathing, warm pink and dry skin with a cool core
temperature.
Describe the characteristics of hypovolemic shock - ANSHypovolemia is
caused by a decrease in the amount of circulating volume usually caused by
massive bleeding, but also can be from vomiting and diarrhea.
Characteristics include low blood pressure and preload, increase heart rate
respiratory rate and afterload, with contractility unchanged. Signs include
obvious bleeding, weak peripheral pulses, pale cool and moist skin,
distended abdomen, pelvic fracture, or bruise swollen and deformed
extremities especially long bones.
,TNCC 9TH REAL EXAM ACTUAL VERIFIED EXAM TEST BANK | INCLUDES 4
TESTED VERSIONS OF THE EXAM WITH 500 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A
Describe the characteristics of obstructive shock - ANSObstructive shock is it
mechanical problem that results from hypoperfusion of the tissue due to an
obstruction in either the vasculature or the heart resulting in decreased
cardiac output. Some causes include a tension pneumothorax, cardiac
tamponade, or venous air embolism on the right side of the heart during
systole in the pulmonary artery.Signs include anxiety, muffled heart sounds,
JVD, hypertension, chest pain, difficulty breathing, or pulses paradoxes.
Describe the four types of spinal cord injury - ANSCentral cord injury results
in greater weakness distally, anterior injury includes motor loss or weakness
below the cord level of injury yet sensory is intact, Brown-Sequard
(hemicord) is weak on one side with sensory deficit on opposite side,
posterior cord syndrome although rare is when the patient is unable to use
sense vibration in proprioception
Describe the measurement of an NPA - ANSMeasure from the tip of the
patient's nose to the tip of the patients earlobe.
Differentiate between the three impacts of motor vehicle impact sequence. -
ANSThe first impact occurs when the vehicle collided with another object.
The second impact occurs after the initial impact when the occupant
continues to move in the original direction of travel until they collide with
the interior of the vehicle or meet resistance. The third impact occurs when
internal structures collide within the body cavity.
Measurement of an OPA - ANSPlace the proximal end or flange of the airway
adjunct at the corner of the mouth to the tip of the mandibular angle.
Name the three ways to confirm ETT placement - ANSPlacement of a CO2
monitoring device, Assessing for equal chest rise and fall, and listening at
the epigastrium and four lung fields for equal breath sounds.
True or false: NPAs and OPAs are definitive airways. - ANSFalse. When
placing one of these? One should consider the potential need for a definitive
airway.
What are contributing factors to injuries related to blunt traumas? - ANSThe
point of impact on the patient's body, the type of surface that is hit, the
tissues ability to resist (bone versus soft tissue, air-filled versus solid
organs), and the trajectory of force.
What are the early signs of increased Intracranial pressure - ANSheadache,
vomiting, behavioral changes that begin with restlessness and may progress
to confusion, drowsiness, or impaired judgment
,TNCC 9TH REAL EXAM ACTUAL VERIFIED EXAM TEST BANK | INCLUDES 4
TESTED VERSIONS OF THE EXAM WITH 500 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A
What are the four types of shock? - ANSHypovolemic, Cardiogenic,
Obstructive, & Distributive
What are the four types of trauma related injuries? - ANSBlunt, penetrating,
thermal, or blast.
What are the greatest risks for transport? - ANSLoss of airway patency,
displaced obstructive tubes lines or catheters, dislodge splinting devices,
need to replace or reinforce dressings, deterioration in patient status
change in vital signs or level of consciousness, injury to the patient and/or
team members
What are the late signs of Increased intracranial pressure - ANSdilated, non-
reactive pupil(s); abnormal motor posturing (flexion, extension, flaccidity);
Cushing's triad, Unresponsive to per verbal and painful stimuli, bradycardia
and decreased respiratory effort
What are the seven patterns of pathway injuries related to motor vehicle
accidents? - ANSUp and over, down and under, lateral, rotational, rear, roll
over, and ejection.
What are the signs and symptoms of decompensated shock? -
ANSDecreased level of consciousness, hypertension, narrow pulse pressure,
tachycardia with weak pulses, tachypnea, skin that is cool clammy and
cyanotic, base access outside the normal range, and serum lactate levels
greater than two to 4MMOL/L.
What are the signs and symptoms of irreversible shock? - ANSObtunded
stuporous or comatose state, marked hypertension and heart failure,
bradycardia with possible dysrhythmias, decreased and shallow respiratory
rate, pale cool and clammy skin, kidney liver and other organ failure, severe
acidosis, elevated lactic acid levels, worsening base access on ABGs,
coagulopathies with petechiae purpura or bleeding.
What are the signs of compensated shock? - ANSAnxiety, confusion,
restlessness, increased respiratory rate, narrowing pulse pressure were
diastolic increases yet systolic remains unchanged, tachycardia with
bounding pulses, and decreased urinary output
What are the symptoms of a subdural hematoma? - ANSDecreased LOC,
nausea vomiting headache and ipsilateral pupillary changes
What are the three factors that contribute to the damage caused by
penetrating trauma's? - ANSThe point of impact, the velocity and speed of
impact, and the proximity to the object.
, TNCC 9TH REAL EXAM ACTUAL VERIFIED EXAM TEST BANK | INCLUDES 4
TESTED VERSIONS OF THE EXAM WITH 500 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A
What are the three processes that transfer oxygen from the air to the lungs
and blood stream - ANSVentilation: the active mechanical movement of air
into and out of the lungs; diffusion: the passive movement of gases from an
area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration; and
perfusion: the movement of blood to and from the lungs as a delivery
medium of oxygen to the entire body.
What are the three stages of shock - ANSCompensated, decompensated or
progressive, and irreversible.
What are the treatment goals for a TBI? - ANSO2 saturation > or equal to
95%, systolic blood pressure > or equal to 100 MMHG, ICP < 15 MMHG, CPP
> or equal to 60 MMHG, normal glycemia, hemoglobin > or equal to 7 g/DL,
sodium 135-145, osmotic diuretics, anti-emetics, sedatives, anticonvulsants,
head of bed at 30°, and neck at midline
What causes quarternary effects of blast traumas? - ANSAll explosion related
injuries, illnesses, or diseases not due to the first three mechanisms. Injuries
include external and internal burns, crush injuries, closed and open brain
injuries, asthmatic or breathing problems from dust smoke or toxic fumes,
angina, or hyper glycemia and hypertension.
What causes quinary effects of blasts traumas? - ANSThose associated with
exposure to hazardous materials from radioactive, biologic, or chemical
components of a blast. Injuries include a variety of health effects depending
on agent.
What causes the primary effects of blast traumas? - ANSThe direct blast
effects. Types of injuries include last long, tympanic membrane rupture and
middle ear damage, abdominal hemorrhage and perforation, global rupture,
mild Trumatic brain injury.
What causes the secondary effects of blast traumas? - ANSProjectiles
propelled by the explosion. Injuries include penetrating or blunt injuries or I
penetration.
What causes the tertiary effects of blast traumas? - ANSResults from
individuals being thrown by the blast wind. Injuries include hole or partial
body translocation from being thrown against a hard service: blunt or
penetrating trauma's, fractures, traumatic amputations.
What is a trademark symptom of an epidural hematoma - ANSLoss of
consciousness then awake and alert then loss of consciousness
What is bending? - ANSLoading about an axis. Bending causes compression
on the side the person is bending toward intention to the opposite side
