HUN 2201 EXAM 1 REVIEW QUESTONS
Define the study of Nutrition - Answer -the study of factors affecting availability and
choices, identifying chemical components of food, effects of food on health and disease
risk, and actions of food chemicals on the body
What the field of nutrition overlaps with (i.e. psychology, biology, etc.) - Answer -
chemistry, physiology, agriculture, genetics, psychology, geography, economics,
politics, and culture
Define nutrient - Answer -a chemical substance that is required for growth and to
maintain proper body functioning
Essential nutrient - Answer -must be supplied through what we eat and drink because
the body cannot produce them or enough of them on its own; example: water or fiber
non-essential nutrients - Answer -can be made by the body but is not needed through
food; example: cholesterol
Identify energy producing nutrients - Answer -Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids
Non-energy producing nutrients - Answer -water, vitamins, minerals
define macronutrients - Answer -needed in relatively large quantities to stay healthy,
primarily supply energy and/or a large portion of the structural components in our body;
examples: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, water
define micronutrients - Answer -needed in much smaller amounts and do not supply
energy or calories but are crucial to normal growth and development; examples:
vitamins and minerals
Identify the commonalities between the healthiest eating patterns around the globe
(i.e.plant-based eating styles) - Answer -pescatarian (allow some fish) + flexitarian
(allow some meat on occasion); ovo-lacto (allow some eggs and dairy) + ovo-vegetarian
(allow some eggs); etc.
eating patterns that have been scientifically shown to decrease the risk of chronic
diseases - Answer -Diets that emphasize fruits and vegetables, whole grains, low-fat
dairy, fish, and poultry; diets low in added salt, sugars, solid and trans fats, and alcohol
List the major chronic diseases in the United States - Answer -Heart disease, diabetes,
cancer, kidney disease, stroke, etc.
How many calories are in all the macronutrients - Answer -Carbohydrates = 4 k/cal,
lipids = 9 k/cal, proteins = 4 k/cal
, Define calories - Answer -Standard unit used to measure energy provided by food
what nutrients contain calories - Answer -macronutrients
Identify what compounds and nutrients in plant foods make them unique and pertinent
to human health - Answer -Phytochemicals promote health because they have
hormonelike actions or they repair or prevent damage to cells, they are commonly found
in vegetables, fruits, and whole grains
Define homeostasis - Answer -the process by which the body maintains a stable
internal environment in the face of external variability
what is obesity - Answer -a condition characterized by excess body fat and often
associated with other health problems, example of over-nutrition
related issues to obesity - Answer -Heart disease, type II DM, cancers, nutrient
deficiencies, stroke, Alzheimer's disease
Explain the relationship between malnutrition and the overconsumption of energy -
Answer -Malnutrition is poor or bad nutrition that includes both under- and over-nutrition;
a person can be both obese and malnourished because they consume a diet high in
energy but low in nutritional value
Identify the issues with the Standard American Diet Pattern - Answer -High calorie and
low in nutrients such as fiber, potassium, calcium, and vitamin D that reduce the risk of
chronic diseases; Associated with many negative health conditions
Explain the role genetics plays in health and nutrition - Answer -Epigenetics looks at
the cross-generational effects of exposure to nutrients, toxins, and behaviors
Define the Scientific Method - Answer -A specific series of steps that involves a
hypothesis, measurements, and data gathering, and interpretation of results
Identify reasons individuals are generally confused when it comes to nutrition
Information - Answer -Personal bias: cultural norms, values, belief systems, religion
and philosophy; social bias; people seek out self-affirming information; misinformation:
pseudoscience, selling products, poor publication, diet fads; politics and industry
influence
Identify the credentials of accredited nutrition experts - Answer -RDN (registered
dietitian nutritionist) or RD
Identify sources of reliable nutrition information - Answer -RDNs, individuals who
possess an advanced degree in nutrition or nutritional biochemistry, government
Define the study of Nutrition - Answer -the study of factors affecting availability and
choices, identifying chemical components of food, effects of food on health and disease
risk, and actions of food chemicals on the body
What the field of nutrition overlaps with (i.e. psychology, biology, etc.) - Answer -
chemistry, physiology, agriculture, genetics, psychology, geography, economics,
politics, and culture
Define nutrient - Answer -a chemical substance that is required for growth and to
maintain proper body functioning
Essential nutrient - Answer -must be supplied through what we eat and drink because
the body cannot produce them or enough of them on its own; example: water or fiber
non-essential nutrients - Answer -can be made by the body but is not needed through
food; example: cholesterol
Identify energy producing nutrients - Answer -Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids
Non-energy producing nutrients - Answer -water, vitamins, minerals
define macronutrients - Answer -needed in relatively large quantities to stay healthy,
primarily supply energy and/or a large portion of the structural components in our body;
examples: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, water
define micronutrients - Answer -needed in much smaller amounts and do not supply
energy or calories but are crucial to normal growth and development; examples:
vitamins and minerals
Identify the commonalities between the healthiest eating patterns around the globe
(i.e.plant-based eating styles) - Answer -pescatarian (allow some fish) + flexitarian
(allow some meat on occasion); ovo-lacto (allow some eggs and dairy) + ovo-vegetarian
(allow some eggs); etc.
eating patterns that have been scientifically shown to decrease the risk of chronic
diseases - Answer -Diets that emphasize fruits and vegetables, whole grains, low-fat
dairy, fish, and poultry; diets low in added salt, sugars, solid and trans fats, and alcohol
List the major chronic diseases in the United States - Answer -Heart disease, diabetes,
cancer, kidney disease, stroke, etc.
How many calories are in all the macronutrients - Answer -Carbohydrates = 4 k/cal,
lipids = 9 k/cal, proteins = 4 k/cal
, Define calories - Answer -Standard unit used to measure energy provided by food
what nutrients contain calories - Answer -macronutrients
Identify what compounds and nutrients in plant foods make them unique and pertinent
to human health - Answer -Phytochemicals promote health because they have
hormonelike actions or they repair or prevent damage to cells, they are commonly found
in vegetables, fruits, and whole grains
Define homeostasis - Answer -the process by which the body maintains a stable
internal environment in the face of external variability
what is obesity - Answer -a condition characterized by excess body fat and often
associated with other health problems, example of over-nutrition
related issues to obesity - Answer -Heart disease, type II DM, cancers, nutrient
deficiencies, stroke, Alzheimer's disease
Explain the relationship between malnutrition and the overconsumption of energy -
Answer -Malnutrition is poor or bad nutrition that includes both under- and over-nutrition;
a person can be both obese and malnourished because they consume a diet high in
energy but low in nutritional value
Identify the issues with the Standard American Diet Pattern - Answer -High calorie and
low in nutrients such as fiber, potassium, calcium, and vitamin D that reduce the risk of
chronic diseases; Associated with many negative health conditions
Explain the role genetics plays in health and nutrition - Answer -Epigenetics looks at
the cross-generational effects of exposure to nutrients, toxins, and behaviors
Define the Scientific Method - Answer -A specific series of steps that involves a
hypothesis, measurements, and data gathering, and interpretation of results
Identify reasons individuals are generally confused when it comes to nutrition
Information - Answer -Personal bias: cultural norms, values, belief systems, religion
and philosophy; social bias; people seek out self-affirming information; misinformation:
pseudoscience, selling products, poor publication, diet fads; politics and industry
influence
Identify the credentials of accredited nutrition experts - Answer -RDN (registered
dietitian nutritionist) or RD
Identify sources of reliable nutrition information - Answer -RDNs, individuals who
possess an advanced degree in nutrition or nutritional biochemistry, government
