HUN 2201 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
What is the structure of a fatty acid? (ch.5) - Answer -An organic molecule made up of
a chain of carbons linked to hydrogen atoms with an acid group on one end
What is the effect of chain length on a fatty acid? (ch.5) - Answer -Chain length
determines the physical form of a fat at room temperature.
What is the physical form of a short-chain fatty acid at room temperature? (ch.5) -
Answer -(4-7 carbons) Liquid
What is the physical form of a medium-chain length fatty acid at room temperature?
(ch.5) - Answer -(8-12 carbons) Liquid but solidifies in the refrigerator
What is the physical form of a long-chain fatty acid at room temperature? (ch.5) -
Answer -(greater than 12 carbons) Solid
What is a saturated fatty acid? (ch.5) - Answer -A fatty acid that contains no carbon-
carbon double bonds.
What is an unsaturated fatty acid? (ch.5) - Answer -A fatty acid that contains at least
one carbon-carbon double bond.
What is a triglyceride? (ch.5) - Answer -A major form of lipid that consists of three fatty
acids attached to a glycerol molecule.
What are the three types of fatty acids found in food? (ch.5) - Answer -Triglycerides,
Phospholipids, and Sterols
What is a phosphoglyceride? (ch.5) - Answer -A class of phospholipid consisting of a
glycerol molecule, 2 fatty acids, and a phosphate group.
Cholesterol (ch.5) - Answer -A lipid that consists of multiple chemical rings and is made
only by animal rings.
Omega-3 fatty acid (ch.5) - Answer -A fatty acid containing a carbon-carbon double
bond between the third and fourth carbons from the omega end. (example: alpha-
linolenic acid)
Omega-6 fatty acid (ch.5) - Answer -A fatty acid containing a carbon-carbon double
bond between the sixth and seventh carbons from the omega end (example: linolenic
acid)
, What is the role of phospholipids in the body? (ch.5) - Answer -Act as emulsifiers by
mixing with water and fat breaking large fat globules into smaller ones, as
phosphoglycerides form a lipid bilayer, as lecithin optimizes the function of a cell
membrane
What is the role of sterols in the body? (ch.5) - Answer -As cholesterol it is needed to
synthesize vitamin D, cholic acid, and hormones
Summarize the digestion of lipids in the human body. (ch.5) - Answer -1) Lipid digestion
begins in the stomach via lipases produced by the stomach and mouth
2) Bile is produced by the liver and released in the small intestine to aid in the digestion
and absorption of fat
3) Pancreas produces and releases pancreatic lipase to break down triglycerides into
fatty acids and glycerol
4) In small intestine products of fat digestion and bile produce micelles which mover
close enough to the brush border to be diffused into mucosal cells
5) In mucosal cells, fatty acids are reassembled into triglycerides and enter the lymph
vessels
What are chylomicrons? (ch.5) - Answer -Lipoproteins that transport lipids from the
mucosal cells of the small intestine and deliver triglycerides to other body cells. Are
created via the combination of cholesterol, phospholipids and a small amount of protein.
What is the role of lipoproteins? (ch.5) - Answer -help transport dietary triglycerides,
cholesterol, and fat-soluble vitamins from the small intestine and stored or newly
synthesized lipids from the liver
What are the health implications of LDL? (ch.5) - Answer -High levels of LDL facilitates
the delivery of cholesterol to an increased amount of cells raising the risk of
cardiovascular disease.
What are the health implications of HDL? (ch.5) - Answer -High levels of HDL facilitates
the removal of cholesterol from cells and transportation to the liver for elimination
lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease.
What are the uses of triglycerides in the body? (ch.5) - Answer -definition of body
structure, insulation from temperature changes and cushion to protect internal organs
against shock via storage in adipose tissue; used to synthesize regulatory molecules in
the body; regulate blood pressure, blood clotting, etc.; and stored for future use in the
production of ATP via beta-oxidation
What are the essential fatty acids? (ch.5) - Answer -The essential fatty acids are
linoleic acid (omega-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3)
What is the role of Omega-6 in the body? (ch.5) - Answer -important for growth, skin
integrity, fertility and red blood cell structure
What is the structure of a fatty acid? (ch.5) - Answer -An organic molecule made up of
a chain of carbons linked to hydrogen atoms with an acid group on one end
What is the effect of chain length on a fatty acid? (ch.5) - Answer -Chain length
determines the physical form of a fat at room temperature.
What is the physical form of a short-chain fatty acid at room temperature? (ch.5) -
Answer -(4-7 carbons) Liquid
What is the physical form of a medium-chain length fatty acid at room temperature?
(ch.5) - Answer -(8-12 carbons) Liquid but solidifies in the refrigerator
What is the physical form of a long-chain fatty acid at room temperature? (ch.5) -
Answer -(greater than 12 carbons) Solid
What is a saturated fatty acid? (ch.5) - Answer -A fatty acid that contains no carbon-
carbon double bonds.
What is an unsaturated fatty acid? (ch.5) - Answer -A fatty acid that contains at least
one carbon-carbon double bond.
What is a triglyceride? (ch.5) - Answer -A major form of lipid that consists of three fatty
acids attached to a glycerol molecule.
What are the three types of fatty acids found in food? (ch.5) - Answer -Triglycerides,
Phospholipids, and Sterols
What is a phosphoglyceride? (ch.5) - Answer -A class of phospholipid consisting of a
glycerol molecule, 2 fatty acids, and a phosphate group.
Cholesterol (ch.5) - Answer -A lipid that consists of multiple chemical rings and is made
only by animal rings.
Omega-3 fatty acid (ch.5) - Answer -A fatty acid containing a carbon-carbon double
bond between the third and fourth carbons from the omega end. (example: alpha-
linolenic acid)
Omega-6 fatty acid (ch.5) - Answer -A fatty acid containing a carbon-carbon double
bond between the sixth and seventh carbons from the omega end (example: linolenic
acid)
, What is the role of phospholipids in the body? (ch.5) - Answer -Act as emulsifiers by
mixing with water and fat breaking large fat globules into smaller ones, as
phosphoglycerides form a lipid bilayer, as lecithin optimizes the function of a cell
membrane
What is the role of sterols in the body? (ch.5) - Answer -As cholesterol it is needed to
synthesize vitamin D, cholic acid, and hormones
Summarize the digestion of lipids in the human body. (ch.5) - Answer -1) Lipid digestion
begins in the stomach via lipases produced by the stomach and mouth
2) Bile is produced by the liver and released in the small intestine to aid in the digestion
and absorption of fat
3) Pancreas produces and releases pancreatic lipase to break down triglycerides into
fatty acids and glycerol
4) In small intestine products of fat digestion and bile produce micelles which mover
close enough to the brush border to be diffused into mucosal cells
5) In mucosal cells, fatty acids are reassembled into triglycerides and enter the lymph
vessels
What are chylomicrons? (ch.5) - Answer -Lipoproteins that transport lipids from the
mucosal cells of the small intestine and deliver triglycerides to other body cells. Are
created via the combination of cholesterol, phospholipids and a small amount of protein.
What is the role of lipoproteins? (ch.5) - Answer -help transport dietary triglycerides,
cholesterol, and fat-soluble vitamins from the small intestine and stored or newly
synthesized lipids from the liver
What are the health implications of LDL? (ch.5) - Answer -High levels of LDL facilitates
the delivery of cholesterol to an increased amount of cells raising the risk of
cardiovascular disease.
What are the health implications of HDL? (ch.5) - Answer -High levels of HDL facilitates
the removal of cholesterol from cells and transportation to the liver for elimination
lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease.
What are the uses of triglycerides in the body? (ch.5) - Answer -definition of body
structure, insulation from temperature changes and cushion to protect internal organs
against shock via storage in adipose tissue; used to synthesize regulatory molecules in
the body; regulate blood pressure, blood clotting, etc.; and stored for future use in the
production of ATP via beta-oxidation
What are the essential fatty acids? (ch.5) - Answer -The essential fatty acids are
linoleic acid (omega-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3)
What is the role of Omega-6 in the body? (ch.5) - Answer -important for growth, skin
integrity, fertility and red blood cell structure
