NSG 460 Exam #6 Trauma Questions
And Answers | 2026 Updated Solutions |
100% Correct Answers
What are the two types of mechanical trauma?
Blunt and penetrating
examples of blunt trauma
MVC and Falls
examples of penetrating trauma
Gunshot and stab wound
What could be a result of rapid deceleration with a blunt trauma?
• spinal hyper flexion/extension "lipstick sign"
• Organs moving at different speed tear
What could be a result of compression/crush with a blunt trauma?
against objects and within the body
• ex. falls
What would we look at with a penetrating gunshot wound?
• size and speed of bullet/type of tissue
• diffuse damage
What would we look at with penetrating stab wound?
usually local damage, but can be lethal
What are the three phases of death?
1) immediate: minutes
,2) Early: hours
3) late: days/weeks
Example of immediate death
severe closed head injury/ C-spine damage, hemorrhage
Examples of early death
This is the group we hope to save. The golden hour: begins when the injury occurs.
Get them to a trauma center!!
Examples of late death
sepsis/ MODS
Mechanisms of injury
important clues to potential injuries, can suggest both type and severity of injury
Triage
from the French work meaning "to sort"
dividing patients into groups. Basically all triage divides people into three groups.
1) beyond help
2) immediate help
3) delayed need
Sepsis
SIRS response to a documented or suspected infection. (mental status change,
hypo/hyperthermia, tachycardia, tachypnea, "looks sick")
Sepsis pathology
• an acute hyper-inflammatory response
• Multiple pro-inflammatory mediators (tif, nitrous oxide cytokines) and anti
inflammatory mediators released in response to insult
• Goal is appropriate inflammatory response to restore homeostasis
• Pro-inflammatory mediatore overwhelm anti-inflammatory mediators.
, • Widespread vasodilation, capillary leakage, coagulation
Septic shock
profound vasodilation and capillary permeablilty -> severe hypo perfusion
Septic shock -> MODS
• myocardial depression
• hepatocyte damage
• gut permeability (leakage of intestinal contents into bloodstream)
• decreased renal perfusion
• Pulmonary capillary permeability -> ARDS
• Procoagulation -> DIC
ARDS
acute respiratory distress syndrome
DIC
disseminated intravascular coagulation - intravascular coagulation throughout the
body. Hypercoaguable state resulting in increased PT, PTT, decreased platelet and
fibrinogen
Triggered by various insults such as massive bleeding, head trauma, sepsis
Primary survey and resuscitation
• identify immediately treatable life threatening injury with initial
resuscitation
A airway maintenance with cervical spine control
B breathing and ventilation
C circulation and bleeding control
D liability: neurologic status - GCS
E exposure/environmental control: complete undress the the patient but
prevent hypothermia
And Answers | 2026 Updated Solutions |
100% Correct Answers
What are the two types of mechanical trauma?
Blunt and penetrating
examples of blunt trauma
MVC and Falls
examples of penetrating trauma
Gunshot and stab wound
What could be a result of rapid deceleration with a blunt trauma?
• spinal hyper flexion/extension "lipstick sign"
• Organs moving at different speed tear
What could be a result of compression/crush with a blunt trauma?
against objects and within the body
• ex. falls
What would we look at with a penetrating gunshot wound?
• size and speed of bullet/type of tissue
• diffuse damage
What would we look at with penetrating stab wound?
usually local damage, but can be lethal
What are the three phases of death?
1) immediate: minutes
,2) Early: hours
3) late: days/weeks
Example of immediate death
severe closed head injury/ C-spine damage, hemorrhage
Examples of early death
This is the group we hope to save. The golden hour: begins when the injury occurs.
Get them to a trauma center!!
Examples of late death
sepsis/ MODS
Mechanisms of injury
important clues to potential injuries, can suggest both type and severity of injury
Triage
from the French work meaning "to sort"
dividing patients into groups. Basically all triage divides people into three groups.
1) beyond help
2) immediate help
3) delayed need
Sepsis
SIRS response to a documented or suspected infection. (mental status change,
hypo/hyperthermia, tachycardia, tachypnea, "looks sick")
Sepsis pathology
• an acute hyper-inflammatory response
• Multiple pro-inflammatory mediators (tif, nitrous oxide cytokines) and anti
inflammatory mediators released in response to insult
• Goal is appropriate inflammatory response to restore homeostasis
• Pro-inflammatory mediatore overwhelm anti-inflammatory mediators.
, • Widespread vasodilation, capillary leakage, coagulation
Septic shock
profound vasodilation and capillary permeablilty -> severe hypo perfusion
Septic shock -> MODS
• myocardial depression
• hepatocyte damage
• gut permeability (leakage of intestinal contents into bloodstream)
• decreased renal perfusion
• Pulmonary capillary permeability -> ARDS
• Procoagulation -> DIC
ARDS
acute respiratory distress syndrome
DIC
disseminated intravascular coagulation - intravascular coagulation throughout the
body. Hypercoaguable state resulting in increased PT, PTT, decreased platelet and
fibrinogen
Triggered by various insults such as massive bleeding, head trauma, sepsis
Primary survey and resuscitation
• identify immediately treatable life threatening injury with initial
resuscitation
A airway maintenance with cervical spine control
B breathing and ventilation
C circulation and bleeding control
D liability: neurologic status - GCS
E exposure/environmental control: complete undress the the patient but
prevent hypothermia
