NURSING 3313 Pharm Exam 1 Review Questions and Answers
1. Define: Therapeutic vs. Pharmacologic
classification Therapeutic is usefulness in
treating a particular disease Drug classification-
usefulness for cardiovascular function
Anticoagulant- influences blood clotting
Antihyperlipidemic- lower blood cholesterol
Antihypertensive- Lower blood pressure
Antidysrhythmic- Restore normal cardiac
rhythm Antiangianal- Treat Angina.
pharmacological classification the way a drug works at the molecular, tissue, and
body systems Drug classification- mechanism of action for hypertension
Diuretic- lowers plasma level
Calcium channel blocker- blocks heart calcium channels
Angiotensin converting enzyme blocker (ACE)- blocks
hormonal activity Adrenal antagonist- Blocks physiological
reactions to stress.
Vasodilators- dilates peripheral blood vessels.
2. Define: Addiction, Dependence, Physical Dependence
Addiction is the overwhelming feeling that drives a person to use a drug repeatedly
and
dependence is a physiologic or psychological need for a substance.
Physical Dependence: an altered physical condition caused by the adaptation
of the nervous system to repeated drug use. In this case when drug is no
longer available the individual expresses physical signs of discomfort known
as withdrawal.
,3. Controlled substance classification/U.S. Drug Schedule. Recognize the
differences between each schedule.
Controlled substance: a drug whose use is restricted by the controlled
substances act of 1970 and later revisions. These drugs are frequently abused
and have high potential for addiction and dependence. Aka comprehensive drug
abuse prevention.
, 𝗈 U.S Drug schedule: I: Highest abuse potential; Limited or no therapeutic
use. (only use in medical necessity if at all allowed or research work)
heroin, LSD, marijuana, peyote, ecstasy.
𝗈 II: High abuse and dependence potential; prescription only e.g
hydromorphone, oxycodone, methadone, meperidine, fentanyl,
amphetamine, cocaine
𝗈 Orders must be written, not called in
𝗈 No refills are permitted
𝗈 III: Moderate abuse or physical dependence; high psychological
dependence e.g. ketamine, anabolic steroids, <15mg of hydrocodone or
<90mg of codeine
𝗈 IV: Lower abuse potential e.g lorazepam, midazolam, diazepam
𝗈 V: Lowest abuse potential; available without prescription. E.g <200mg
codeine/100mL cough syrup.
4. Pregnancy Categories. Recognize the differences between each category.
Teratogenic poses risks to a fetus if taken pregnant.
Category A
Adequate and well-controlled studies have failed to demonstrate a
risk to the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy (and there is no
evidence of risk in later trimesters).
Category B
Animal reproduction studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the
fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in
pregnant women.
Category C
Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the
fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in
humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in
pregnant women despite potential risks.
Category D
There is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse
reaction data from investigational or marketing experience or studies
in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in
pregnant women
1. Define: Therapeutic vs. Pharmacologic
classification Therapeutic is usefulness in
treating a particular disease Drug classification-
usefulness for cardiovascular function
Anticoagulant- influences blood clotting
Antihyperlipidemic- lower blood cholesterol
Antihypertensive- Lower blood pressure
Antidysrhythmic- Restore normal cardiac
rhythm Antiangianal- Treat Angina.
pharmacological classification the way a drug works at the molecular, tissue, and
body systems Drug classification- mechanism of action for hypertension
Diuretic- lowers plasma level
Calcium channel blocker- blocks heart calcium channels
Angiotensin converting enzyme blocker (ACE)- blocks
hormonal activity Adrenal antagonist- Blocks physiological
reactions to stress.
Vasodilators- dilates peripheral blood vessels.
2. Define: Addiction, Dependence, Physical Dependence
Addiction is the overwhelming feeling that drives a person to use a drug repeatedly
and
dependence is a physiologic or psychological need for a substance.
Physical Dependence: an altered physical condition caused by the adaptation
of the nervous system to repeated drug use. In this case when drug is no
longer available the individual expresses physical signs of discomfort known
as withdrawal.
,3. Controlled substance classification/U.S. Drug Schedule. Recognize the
differences between each schedule.
Controlled substance: a drug whose use is restricted by the controlled
substances act of 1970 and later revisions. These drugs are frequently abused
and have high potential for addiction and dependence. Aka comprehensive drug
abuse prevention.
, 𝗈 U.S Drug schedule: I: Highest abuse potential; Limited or no therapeutic
use. (only use in medical necessity if at all allowed or research work)
heroin, LSD, marijuana, peyote, ecstasy.
𝗈 II: High abuse and dependence potential; prescription only e.g
hydromorphone, oxycodone, methadone, meperidine, fentanyl,
amphetamine, cocaine
𝗈 Orders must be written, not called in
𝗈 No refills are permitted
𝗈 III: Moderate abuse or physical dependence; high psychological
dependence e.g. ketamine, anabolic steroids, <15mg of hydrocodone or
<90mg of codeine
𝗈 IV: Lower abuse potential e.g lorazepam, midazolam, diazepam
𝗈 V: Lowest abuse potential; available without prescription. E.g <200mg
codeine/100mL cough syrup.
4. Pregnancy Categories. Recognize the differences between each category.
Teratogenic poses risks to a fetus if taken pregnant.
Category A
Adequate and well-controlled studies have failed to demonstrate a
risk to the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy (and there is no
evidence of risk in later trimesters).
Category B
Animal reproduction studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the
fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in
pregnant women.
Category C
Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the
fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in
humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in
pregnant women despite potential risks.
Category D
There is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse
reaction data from investigational or marketing experience or studies
in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in
pregnant women
