Pathophysiology Exam 3 Practice |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Questions exam with correct |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
answers
The nurse working in an outpatient nephrology clinic knows that which of the following are
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
primary functions of the kidneys? (Select all that apply.)
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A. Production of clotting factors
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
B. Homeostasis
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C. Excretion of metabolic wastes
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D. Regulation of acid-base balance
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E. Metabolism of fats - correct answer✔✔B, C, D
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The kidneys do not metabolize fats.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Production of clotting factors is a primary function of the liver. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
The kidneys maintain blood pressure using the RAAS and also produce erythropoietin to
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
stimulate RBC production. |||\\\ |||\\\
In caring for a patient diagnosed with acute kidney injury, the nephrology nurse knows that
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
which of the following tests are specific for renal function? (Select all that apply.)
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
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B. Blood urea nitrogen
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C. Creatinine
|||\\\
D. Glomerular filtration rate
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E. White blood cell count - correct answer✔✔B, C, D
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
,AST related to LIVER function
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
In caring for a patient with acute kidney injury the nurse knows that the patient's renal
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
function has returned to normal range when the patient's GFR measures:
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A. 30-40 mL/min
|||\\\ |||\\\
B. 40-50 mL/min
|||\\\ |||\\\
C. 70-90 mL/min
|||\\\ |||\\\
D. 90-120 mL/min - correct answer✔✔D
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Normal GFR is 90-120 mL/min |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Normal Creatinine 0.6-1.1 for females and 0.6-1.2 for males
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Normal BUN is 10-20 mg/dL |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
*Be sure to know these normal values, you will use them daily as a nurse
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
The nursing working in a geriatric living facility understands that as patients age, which change
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
in glomerular filtration rate is expected?
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A. Increased GFR
|||\\\ |||\\\
B. Decreased GFR
|||\\\ |||\\\
C. Same GFR
|||\\\ |||\\\
D. No GFR - correct answer✔✔B
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Aging and renal function:
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Decrease in renal blood flow and GFR → altered sodium and water balance
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Number of nephrons decrease due to renal vascular and perfusion changes
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Response to acid-base changes is delayed |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Increased risk for drug toxicity |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
,Alterations in thirst and water intake |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Get dehydrated very easily; do not recognize thirst and heat
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Decreased muscle mass may lead to decreased creatinine values |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
An older patient is experiencing urinary stasis. The registered nurse knows that urinary stasis
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
may lead to which of the following? |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A. Increased GFR
|||\\\ |||\\\
B. Hypocoagulation
|||\\\
C. Hypertension
|||\\\
D. Infection - correct answer✔✔D
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Urinary stasis is a risk factor for developing UTI |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Which of the following is classified as the most common primary mineral salt composition of
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
kidney stones? |||\\\
A. Calcium |||\\\
B. Struvite
|||\\\
C. Uric Acid
|||\\\ |||\\\
D. Cysteine - correct answer✔✔A
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A - calcium (i.e. oxalate or phosphate) is most common
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
*Note that a change in urine pH may lead to precipitation of stones
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Which of the following are risk factors for developing renal tumors? (Select all that apply.)
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A. Female gender
|||\\\ |||\\\
B. Smoking|||\\\
, C. Obesity
|||\\\
D. Diabetes
|||\\\
E. Hypertension - correct answer✔✔B, C, E
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
risk factors are male gender, smoking, obesity, uncontrolled hypertension
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
The registered nurse would expect which of the following lab values for a patient experiencing
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
acute kidney failure? |||\\\ |||\\\
A. Creatinine 3.5 mg/dL
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
B. Sodium 122 mEq/L
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
C. Albumin 3.5 g/dL
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
D. BUN 10 mg/dL - correct answer✔✔A
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
the normal creatinine level is 0.6 - 1.2
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
This BUN is within normal range (BUN would be elevated in acute kidney failure)
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
In caring for a patient experiencing acute kidney injury who has these lab values: urinary
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
output 15 mL/hr, BUN 30 mg/dL, and creatinine 3.5, the nurse knows that the patient is
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
experiencing which phase of acute kidney injury? |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A. Initiation phase
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
B. Oliguric phase
|||\\\ |||\\\
C. Recovery (polyuric) phase
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
D. I don't remember the normal lab values - correct answer✔✔B
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Remember that there are phases of acute kidney injury - |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Questions exam with correct |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
answers
The nurse working in an outpatient nephrology clinic knows that which of the following are
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
primary functions of the kidneys? (Select all that apply.)
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A. Production of clotting factors
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
B. Homeostasis
|||\\\ |||\\\
C. Excretion of metabolic wastes
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
D. Regulation of acid-base balance
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
E. Metabolism of fats - correct answer✔✔B, C, D
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
The kidneys do not metabolize fats.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Production of clotting factors is a primary function of the liver. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
The kidneys maintain blood pressure using the RAAS and also produce erythropoietin to
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
stimulate RBC production. |||\\\ |||\\\
In caring for a patient diagnosed with acute kidney injury, the nephrology nurse knows that
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
which of the following tests are specific for renal function? (Select all that apply.)
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
B. Blood urea nitrogen
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
C. Creatinine
|||\\\
D. Glomerular filtration rate
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
E. White blood cell count - correct answer✔✔B, C, D
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
,AST related to LIVER function
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
In caring for a patient with acute kidney injury the nurse knows that the patient's renal
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
function has returned to normal range when the patient's GFR measures:
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A. 30-40 mL/min
|||\\\ |||\\\
B. 40-50 mL/min
|||\\\ |||\\\
C. 70-90 mL/min
|||\\\ |||\\\
D. 90-120 mL/min - correct answer✔✔D
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Normal GFR is 90-120 mL/min |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Normal Creatinine 0.6-1.1 for females and 0.6-1.2 for males
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Normal BUN is 10-20 mg/dL |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
*Be sure to know these normal values, you will use them daily as a nurse
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
The nursing working in a geriatric living facility understands that as patients age, which change
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
in glomerular filtration rate is expected?
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A. Increased GFR
|||\\\ |||\\\
B. Decreased GFR
|||\\\ |||\\\
C. Same GFR
|||\\\ |||\\\
D. No GFR - correct answer✔✔B
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Aging and renal function:
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Decrease in renal blood flow and GFR → altered sodium and water balance
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Number of nephrons decrease due to renal vascular and perfusion changes
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Response to acid-base changes is delayed |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Increased risk for drug toxicity |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
,Alterations in thirst and water intake |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Get dehydrated very easily; do not recognize thirst and heat
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Decreased muscle mass may lead to decreased creatinine values |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
An older patient is experiencing urinary stasis. The registered nurse knows that urinary stasis
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
may lead to which of the following? |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A. Increased GFR
|||\\\ |||\\\
B. Hypocoagulation
|||\\\
C. Hypertension
|||\\\
D. Infection - correct answer✔✔D
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Urinary stasis is a risk factor for developing UTI |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Which of the following is classified as the most common primary mineral salt composition of
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
kidney stones? |||\\\
A. Calcium |||\\\
B. Struvite
|||\\\
C. Uric Acid
|||\\\ |||\\\
D. Cysteine - correct answer✔✔A
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A - calcium (i.e. oxalate or phosphate) is most common
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
*Note that a change in urine pH may lead to precipitation of stones
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Which of the following are risk factors for developing renal tumors? (Select all that apply.)
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A. Female gender
|||\\\ |||\\\
B. Smoking|||\\\
, C. Obesity
|||\\\
D. Diabetes
|||\\\
E. Hypertension - correct answer✔✔B, C, E
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
risk factors are male gender, smoking, obesity, uncontrolled hypertension
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
The registered nurse would expect which of the following lab values for a patient experiencing
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
acute kidney failure? |||\\\ |||\\\
A. Creatinine 3.5 mg/dL
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
B. Sodium 122 mEq/L
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
C. Albumin 3.5 g/dL
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
D. BUN 10 mg/dL - correct answer✔✔A
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
the normal creatinine level is 0.6 - 1.2
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
This BUN is within normal range (BUN would be elevated in acute kidney failure)
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
In caring for a patient experiencing acute kidney injury who has these lab values: urinary
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
output 15 mL/hr, BUN 30 mg/dL, and creatinine 3.5, the nurse knows that the patient is
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
experiencing which phase of acute kidney injury? |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
A. Initiation phase
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
B. Oliguric phase
|||\\\ |||\\\
C. Recovery (polyuric) phase
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
D. I don't remember the normal lab values - correct answer✔✔B
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Remember that there are phases of acute kidney injury - |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
