Essentials of Oral Histology and Embryology: A Clinical Approach (6th Edition, Chiego) – Complete Test Bank for Dental Exams

This document contains the complete test bank for Essentials of Oral Histology and Embryology: A Clinical Approach (6th Edition) by Daniel J. Chiego. It features a comprehensive collection of multiple-choice questions covering all major chapters, including oral tissue structure, tooth development, craniofacial growth, and clinical embryology. Perfect for dental and dental hygiene students preparing for quizzes, midterms, or board exams Chapter 02: Structure and Function of Cells, Tissues, and Organs Chiego: Essentials of Oral Histology and Embryology, 6th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Simple squamous epithelium functions as a lining in which location? a. Mouth b. Vagina c. Kidney d. Pharynx RIGHT CHOICE C Detailed Elaboration A The mouth is lined with stratified squamous epithelium. B The vagina is lined with stratified squamous epithelium. C Correct. The kidney is lined with simple squamous epithelium. D The pharynx is lined with stratified squamous epithelium. DIF: Recall REF: p. 20 OBJ: 1 2. Which cell supports the nervous system? a. Myoblast b. Neuroglia c. Leukocyte d. Melanocyte RIGHT CHOICE B TEST BANK Detailed Elaboration A Neuroglial cells, not myoblasts, support the nervous system. B Correct. Liver tissue is produced by endodermal cells. C Neuroglial cells, not leukocytes, support the nervous system. D Neuroglial cells, not melanocytes, support the nervous system. DIF: Recall REF: p. 19 OBJ: 1 3. Connective tissue proper is classified as . a. dense, striated, or smooth b. simple, stratified, or squamous c. dense, loose, or loose with special properties d. dense, elastic, or elastic with special properties RIGHT CHOICE C Detailed Elaboration A Connective tissue is classified as dense, loose, or loose with special properties. B Connective tissue is classified as dense, loose, or loose with special properties. C Correct. Connective tissue is loose, dense, or loose with special properties. D Connective tissue is classified as dense, loose, or loose with special properties. DIF: Recall REF: p. 20 OBJ: 1 4. What are the three types of muscle tissue? a. Cardiac, skeletal, and smooth b. Striated, voluntary, and smooth c. Cardiac, skeletal, and voluntary d. Voluntary, involuntary, and striated RIGHT CHOICE A Detailed Elaboration A Correct. There are three types of muscle tissue—cardiac, skeletal, and smooth. B Muscle tissue is classified as cardiac, skeletal, and smooth. C Muscle tissue is classified as cardiac, skeletal, and smooth. D Muscle tissue is classified as cardiac, skeletal, and smooth. DIF: Recall REF: p. 21 OBJ: 1 5. How does epithelial tissue renew itself? a. Mitosis of the basal cells b. Mitosis of the granular layer of cells c. By shedding or sloughing the surface cells d. Through nourishment of nearby blood vessels RIGHT CHOICE A TEST BANK DIF: Recall REF: p. 18 OBJ: 1 6. Buccal mucosa renews itself in days. a. 1 to 2 b. 3 to 4 c. 5 to 9 d. 10 to 14 RIGHT CHOICE D Detailed Elaboration A Buccal mucosa is replenished every 10 to 14 days, as opposed to 1 to 2 days. B Buccal mucosa is replenished every 10 to 14 days, as opposed to 3 to 4 days. C Buccal mucosa is replenished every 10 to 14 days, as opposed to 5 to 9 days. D Correct. Buccal mucosa is replenished every 10 to 14 days. DIF: Recall REF: p. 18 OBJ: 1 7. The junctional epithelium of gingiva is replenished every _ days. a. 1 to 3 b. 4 to 6 c. 7 to 9 d. 10 to 13 RIGHT CHOICE B Detailed Elaboration A Junctional epithelium renews every 4 to 6 days, rather than 1 to 3 days. B Correct. The junctional epithelium of the gingiva is renewed every 4 to 6 days. C Junctional epithelium renews every 4 to 6 days, rather than 7 to 9 days. D Junctional epithelium renews every 4 to 6 days, rather than 10 to 13 days. DIF: Recall REF: p. 18 OBJ: 1 8. Which term represents a single layer of cells? a. Simple b. Stratified c. Cuboidal d. Columnar RIGHT CHOICE A Detailed Elaboration N R I G B.C M A Correct. The term simple UdescSribeNs aTsingle lOayer of cells. B The term stratified describes several layers of cells. C The term cuboidal describes a cube-shaped cell. D The term columnar describes a column-shaped cell. DIF: Recall REF: p. 18 OBJ: 2 9. Which epithelium consists of several layers, with only the basal cell layer in contact with the basal lamina? a. Simple b. Stratified c. Squamous d. Pseudostratified RIGHT CHOICE B Detailed Elaboration A Simple epithelium has only one layer of cells. B Correct. Stratified epithelium consists of several layers, but only the basal cell layer is in contact with the basal lamina. C Squamous epithelial cells are characterized as flat, scale-shaped cells. D Pseudostratified epithelial cells contact the basal lamina, but not the surface. DIF: Recall REF: pp. 18-19 OBJ: 1 10. All body sensations are relayed to the and the. a. brain; spinal cord b. afferent; efferent systems c. voluntary; involuntary muscles d. sympathetic; parasympathetic divisions RIGHT CHOICE A Detailed Elaboration A Correct. Sensations received anywhere in the body are relayed to the brain and the spinal cord. B The brain and spinal cord relay all sensations transmitted within the body. C The brain and spinal cord relay all sensations transmitted within the body. D The brain and spinal cord relay all sensations transmitted within the body. DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 29 OBJ: 2 11. Impulses conducted from the periphery of the body (e.g., muscles, glands) to the central nervous system (CNS) are conducted through which system? a. Motor b. Somatic c. Afferent d. Autonomic RIGHT CHOICE C TEST BANK DIF: Recall REF: p. 29 OBJ: 2 12. Impulses pass from the CNS to involuntary muscles via the system. a. sensory b. afferent c. somatic d. autonomic the CNS. B Afferent (sensory) nerve processes carry impulses from the peripheral muscles to the CNS. C Somatic pathways relay neural impulses to voluntary muscles. D Correct. Autonomic pathways relay neural impulses to involuntary muscles. DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 29 OBJ: 3 13. Which body system relies on neural stimuli to function? a. Vascular b. Digestive c. Endocrine d. Respiratory RIGHT CHOICE C Detailed Elaboration A The endocrine, not vascular, system depends on neural stimuli to function. B The endocrine, not digestive, system depends on neural stimuli to function. C Correct. The endocrine system depends heavily on neural stimuli to function. D The endocrine, not respiratory, system depends on neural stimuli to function. DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 29 OBJ: 2 14. The absorption of nutrients occurs in which location? a. Mouth b. Stomach c. Small intestine d. Large intestine RIGHT CHOICE D Detailed Elaboration A Nutrient absorption takes place in the large intestine, not the mouth. B Nutrient absorption takes place in the large intestine, not the stomach. C Nutrient absorption takes place in the large intestine, not the small intestine. D Correct. Nutrient absorption takes place in the large intestine. DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 29 OBJ: 2 15. Internal organs (viscera) receive most of their neural impulses from which nervous system? a. Somatic b. Sensory c. Afferent d. Autonomic B Afferent (sensory) nerve processes carry impulses from the peripheral muscles to the CNS. C Afferent (sensory) nerve processes carry impulses from the peripheral muscles to the CNS. D Correct. Internal organs receive most of their neural impulses from the autonomic nervous system. DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 28 OBJ: 3 16. Each is part of a neuron EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? a. Axon b. Plasma c. Dendrite d. Perikaryon RIGHT CHOICE B Detailed Elaboration A The axon conducts the nerve impulse away from the perikaryon. B Correct. Plasma, the fluid part of blood, is not a component of the neuron. C The dendrite receives nerve impulses. D The perikaryon is the cell body of the neuron. DIF: Comprehension REF: pp. 20-22 OBJ: 2 17. Which of the following insulates axons located outside the CNS? a. Bone b. Endomysium c. Myelin sheath d. Connective tissue RIGHT CHOICE C Detailed Elaboration A A myelin sheath protects and insulates axons located outside the CNS; bone does not. B A myelin sheath protects and insulates axons located outside the CNS; endomysium does not. C Correct. A myelin sheath protects and insulates axons located outside the CNS. D A myelin sheath protects and insulates axons located outside the CNS; connective tissue does not. DIF: Recall REF: p. 19 OBJ: 2 18. a. b. Neuroglia cells are slightly less slightly more numerous than neurons. c. d. significantly less significantly more RIGHT CHOICE D Detailed Elaboration A Neuroglia cells are significantly more, not slightly less, numerous than neurons. B Neuroglia cells are significantly, not slightly, more numerous than neurons. C Neuroglia cells are significantly more, not less, numerous than neurons. D Correct. Neuroglia cells are 5- to 50-fold more numerous than neurons. DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 19 OBJ: 2 19. The spinal cord consists of how many segments? a. 21 b. 22 c. 30 d. 31 RIGHT CHOICE D Detailed Elaboration A The spinal cord consists of 31, not 21, segments. B The spinal cord consists of 31, not 22, segments. C The spinal cord consists of 31, not 30, segments. D Correct. The spinal cord consists of 31 segments. DIF: Recall REF: p. 19 OBJ: 3 20. Ligaments and tendons are coNmpRoseId ofGwhBic.h CtissuMe? a. Neural b. Muscle c. Epithelial d. Connective RIGHT CHOICE D Detailed Elaboration A Ligaments and tendons are made of dense connective, not neural, tissue. B Ligaments and tendons are made of dense connective, not muscle, tissue. C Ligaments and tendons are made of dense connective, not epithelial, tissue. D Correct. Ligaments and tendons are made of dense connective tissue. DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 20 OBJ: 2 21. Which of the following is not a type of cartilage? a. Dense b. Elastic c. Fibrous d. Hyaline RIGHT CHOICE A Detailed Elaboration A Correct. There are three types of cartilage—hyaline, elastic, and fibrous. B Elastic cartilage can be found in the epiglottis. C Fibrous cartilage can be found in the vertebral disks. D Hyaline cartilage can be found in the nose. DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 20 OBJ: 2 22. Which organ is part of the lymphatic system? a. Thyroid b. Thymus c. Pancreas d. Parathyroid RIGHT CHOICE B Detailed Elaboration A The thyroid is part of the endocrine, not lymphatic, system. B Correct. The lymphoid organs include the thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes. C The pancreas is part of the endocrine, not lymphatic, system. D The parathyroid is part of the endocrine, not lymphatic, system. DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 31 OBJ: 2 23. Which of the following is not a major function of the urinary system? a. Controls blood volume b. Controls blood pressure TEST BANK c. Controls testosterone levels d. Controls urine composition RIGHT CHOICE C Detailed Elaboration A Blood volume control is a major function of the urinary system. B Blood pressure control is a major function of the urinary system. C Correct. Testosterone levels are controlled by the reproductive system, not the urinary system. D Urine composition is a major function of the urinary system. DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 33 OBJ: 3 24. Which function is associated with the skin? a. Excretes waste products b. Absorbs nutrients from ingested food c. Supplies a framework for muscle and ligament attachments d. Relays information from the glands to the central nervous system RIGHT CHOICE A Detailed Elaboration A Correct. A major function of the skin is excretion of waste products (e.g., carbon dioxide, water, salts, urea). B Absorption of nutrients is a function of the digestive system. C The skeletal system supplies the framework for muscle and ligament attachments. D The nervous system relays information from the glands to the central nervous system. DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 28 OBJ: 3 25. Which organ system is the largest? a. Digestive b. Endocrine c. Respiratory d. Integumentary RIGHT CHOICE D Detailed Elaboration A The integumentary (skin) system is larger than the digestive system. B The integumentary (skin) system is larger than the endocrine system. C The integumentary (skin) system is larger than the respiratory system. D Correct. The integumentary (skin) system is the largest organ system in the human body. DIF: Recall REF: p. 28 OBJ: 3 TEST BANK 26. Each of the following is a function of the large intestine EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? a. Absorption of nutrition b. Dehydration of food c. Reduce food to liquid chyme d. Compress food into solid waste RIGHT CHOICE C Detailed Elaboration A The large intestine functions in the absorption of nutrition. B Dehydration of food occurs in the large intestine. C Correct. Food is reduced to liquid chyme in the stomach. D Food is compressed into solid waste in the large intestine. DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 29 OBJ: 2 27. Which type of tissue lines the respiratory tract to move foreign particles out of the respiratory system? a. Dendrites b. Neuroglia c. Cilia d. Sebaceous glands RIGHT CHOICE C Detailed Elaboration A Dendrites are a component of the neuron that receive impulses and conduct these impulses toward the cell body. B Neuroglial cells protect and support nerve cells. C Correct. Cilia move particulate substances to the pharynx and out of the respiratory system. D Sebaceous glands are located in skin. DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 29 OBJ: 2 28. Blood returns to the heart through a. capillaries. b. veins. c. large elastic arteries. d. smaller muscular arteries. RIGHT CHOICE B Detailed Elaboration A Capillaries are thin tubes formed by a single layer of highly permeable endothelial cells. They are exchange vessels for oxygen and carbon dioxide. B Correct. Veins carry blood from the capillaries back to the heart. The pressure of the venous system is low and the walls of veins are thin. C Large elastic arteries caNrry bRlooId frGomBth.e ChearMt under high pressure. The elasticity is to even out thUe prSessuNre oTf the blOood being pumped by heart. D Smaller muscular arteries carry blood from the heart. DIF: Comprehension REF: pp. 29-30 OBJ: 2 29. Blood is an example of which of the following four primary types of tissue? a. Neural b. Epithelial c. Connective d. Muscle RIGHT CHOICE C Detailed Elaboration A Neural tissue consists of central nervous system, which comprises brain and spinal cord, and the nerves and their ganglia, which comprises peripheral nervous system. B Simple squamous epithelium lines the blood vascular and respiratory systems, kidney, most glands, and intestine. Stratified squamous epithelium covers the body and is the lining of the mouth, pharynx, larynx, vagina, anus, and part of the urinary bladder. C Correct. Blood and lymph are types of connective tissue that function to carry oxygen and nutrients to body tissues and to carry carbon dioxide to the lungs, where it is eliminated. D The three types of muscle—striated, smooth, and cardiac—are differentiated according to the shape of the cells, matrix, and their functions in the body. DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 18 OBJ: 1 30. Which is true regarding the central nervous system (CNS)? a. The CNS is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. b. The CNS is composed of the brain, but not the spinal cord. c. The efferent system carries information from the peripheral nervous system to the CNS. d. The somatic nervous system carries impulse from the CNS to involuntary muscles. RIGHT CHOICE A Detailed Elaboration A Correct. The CNS is the control center of the nervous system and comprises brain and spinal cord. The brain is located in the cranium and is connected to the peripheral tissues by cranial nerves and to the spinal cord by spinal nerves. B The CNS is composed of the brain AND the spinal cord. C The afferent system carries information from the peripheral nervous system to the CNS. D The efferent autonomic nervous system carries impulses from the CNS to involuntary muscles. DIF: Comprehension REF: pp. 27-28 OBJ: 2 N R I G B.C M 31. Which layer of epithelium is the deepest, germinating layer? a. Spinous layer b. Basal layer c. Granular layer d. Clear layer RIGHT CHOICE B