APHY 101 Chapter 13: Central Nervous System Anatomy
Study Guide (Ivy Tech)
1. Adult brain
Cerebral hemispheres; Diencephalon; Cerebellum; Brain stem
re- gions
(midbrain, pons, and medulla)
2. Brain Similar pattern to the spinal cord. Made up of cerebral hemispheres and
cerebel- lum. Additional outer areas of gray matter in brain called
cortex. Cortex disappears in brain stem with scattered gray matter
nuclei amid white matter. Responsible for judgment, interpretation,
regulation of homeostasis.
3. Spinal cord Has a central cavity surrounded by gray matter; External white
matter composed of myelinated fiber tracts; Reflexes, rapid
communication between the peripheral nervous system and the brain. It
connects nearly all parts of the body to the brain and begins at the
foramen magnum and ends at L1 or L2 vertebra.
4. Encephalitis Acute inflammation of the brain resulting either from a viral infection
or when the body's own immune system mistakenly attacks brain
tissue
5. Longitudinal Separates the right and left hemispheres.
fis- sure
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, APHY 101 Chapter 13: Central Nervous System Anatomy
Study Guide (Ivy Tech)
6. transverse The is the deep groove that separates cerebrum and cerebellum.
cere- bral
fissure
7. central sulcus The is the shallow groove that separates the precentral gyrus of
frontal lobe and the postcentral gyrus of parietal lobe.
8. Cerebral cortex Thin, superficial layer of gray matter. 40% mass of brain. Site of
conscious mind: awareness, sensory perception, voluntary motor
initiation, communication, mem- ory storage, understanding.
9. Gray matter The darker tissue of the brain and spinal cord, consisting mainly of nerve
cell
bodies, branching dendrites, and axon terminals.
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39
, APHY 101 Chapter 13: Central Nervous System Anatomy
Study Guide (Ivy Tech)
10. neuron cell What is gray matter composed of?
bod- ies,
dendrites,
axon
terminals
11. White matter Named for its relatively light appearance resulting from the lipid content of
myelin wrapped around nerve fibers (axons).
12. myelinated White matter consists largely of fibers bundled into large tracts. These
fibers and tracts are classified according to the direction in which they
run as association (connect regions of the same hemisphere),
commissural (connect left and right), or projection (connect superior
and inferior).
13. Nerve bundle of axons in the PNS
14. Tract bundle of axons in the CNS
15. Ganglion cluster of cell bodies in the PNS
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39
, APHY 101 Chapter 13: Central Nervous System Anatomy
Study Guide (Ivy Tech)
16. Nuclei cluster of cell bodies in the CNS
4/
39
Study Guide (Ivy Tech)
1. Adult brain
Cerebral hemispheres; Diencephalon; Cerebellum; Brain stem
re- gions
(midbrain, pons, and medulla)
2. Brain Similar pattern to the spinal cord. Made up of cerebral hemispheres and
cerebel- lum. Additional outer areas of gray matter in brain called
cortex. Cortex disappears in brain stem with scattered gray matter
nuclei amid white matter. Responsible for judgment, interpretation,
regulation of homeostasis.
3. Spinal cord Has a central cavity surrounded by gray matter; External white
matter composed of myelinated fiber tracts; Reflexes, rapid
communication between the peripheral nervous system and the brain. It
connects nearly all parts of the body to the brain and begins at the
foramen magnum and ends at L1 or L2 vertebra.
4. Encephalitis Acute inflammation of the brain resulting either from a viral infection
or when the body's own immune system mistakenly attacks brain
tissue
5. Longitudinal Separates the right and left hemispheres.
fis- sure
1/
39
, APHY 101 Chapter 13: Central Nervous System Anatomy
Study Guide (Ivy Tech)
6. transverse The is the deep groove that separates cerebrum and cerebellum.
cere- bral
fissure
7. central sulcus The is the shallow groove that separates the precentral gyrus of
frontal lobe and the postcentral gyrus of parietal lobe.
8. Cerebral cortex Thin, superficial layer of gray matter. 40% mass of brain. Site of
conscious mind: awareness, sensory perception, voluntary motor
initiation, communication, mem- ory storage, understanding.
9. Gray matter The darker tissue of the brain and spinal cord, consisting mainly of nerve
cell
bodies, branching dendrites, and axon terminals.
2/
39
, APHY 101 Chapter 13: Central Nervous System Anatomy
Study Guide (Ivy Tech)
10. neuron cell What is gray matter composed of?
bod- ies,
dendrites,
axon
terminals
11. White matter Named for its relatively light appearance resulting from the lipid content of
myelin wrapped around nerve fibers (axons).
12. myelinated White matter consists largely of fibers bundled into large tracts. These
fibers and tracts are classified according to the direction in which they
run as association (connect regions of the same hemisphere),
commissural (connect left and right), or projection (connect superior
and inferior).
13. Nerve bundle of axons in the PNS
14. Tract bundle of axons in the CNS
15. Ganglion cluster of cell bodies in the PNS
3/
39
, APHY 101 Chapter 13: Central Nervous System Anatomy
Study Guide (Ivy Tech)
16. Nuclei cluster of cell bodies in the CNS
4/
39
