NR 283 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025/2026
Pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWER -the study of how disease processes affect the function of
the body
How is homeostasis maintained? - CORRECT ANSWER -negative feedback loops
Diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER -identification of a disease
Etiology - CORRECT ANSWER -cause of disease
Idiopathic - CORRECT ANSWER -unknown cause
prophylaxis - CORRECT ANSWER -prevention of disease
Pathogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER -development of disease
Prognosis - CORRECT ANSWER -a forecast of the probable course and outcome of a disease or
situation
Morbidity - CORRECT ANSWER -the disease rates within a group
Epidemic - CORRECT ANSWER -A widespread outbreak of an infectious disease.
Atrophy - CORRECT ANSWER -decrease in cell size. Ex: shrinkage of skeletal muscle that occurs
when a limb is immobilized in a cast for several weeks.
, Dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER -cells vary in size and shape, large nuclei present, rate of mitosis
is increased. Pap smear tests for this on cervical cells.
Hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER -increased number of cells resulting in an enlarged tissue mass.
Ex: uterine enlargement in pregnancy.
Metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER -when one mature cell type is replaced by a different mature
cell type. ex: change in respiratory tracts in cigarette smokers.
Anaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER -refers to cells that are undifferentiated with variable nuclear and
cell structures and numerous mitotic figures. Ex: malignant tumors
Hypoxia - CORRECT ANSWER -reduced oxygen in the tissue.
-interferes with ATP production in the cell, leading to loss of sodium pump out the cell
membrane as well as loss of cell functions.
Ischemia - CORRECT ANSWER -blockage that impedes blood flow
Necrosis - CORRECT ANSWER -tissue death ex: ischemia
Apoptosis - CORRECT ANSWER -programmed cell death, a normal occurrence
How to temperature extremes affect the body's cells? - CORRECT ANSWER -Heat may impair
blood supply to the cells or affect metabolic processes.
Osmosis - CORRECT ANSWER -movement of water from low solute concentration (ISF) to high
concentration (blood)
ANSWERS 2025/2026
Pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWER -the study of how disease processes affect the function of
the body
How is homeostasis maintained? - CORRECT ANSWER -negative feedback loops
Diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER -identification of a disease
Etiology - CORRECT ANSWER -cause of disease
Idiopathic - CORRECT ANSWER -unknown cause
prophylaxis - CORRECT ANSWER -prevention of disease
Pathogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER -development of disease
Prognosis - CORRECT ANSWER -a forecast of the probable course and outcome of a disease or
situation
Morbidity - CORRECT ANSWER -the disease rates within a group
Epidemic - CORRECT ANSWER -A widespread outbreak of an infectious disease.
Atrophy - CORRECT ANSWER -decrease in cell size. Ex: shrinkage of skeletal muscle that occurs
when a limb is immobilized in a cast for several weeks.
, Dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER -cells vary in size and shape, large nuclei present, rate of mitosis
is increased. Pap smear tests for this on cervical cells.
Hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER -increased number of cells resulting in an enlarged tissue mass.
Ex: uterine enlargement in pregnancy.
Metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER -when one mature cell type is replaced by a different mature
cell type. ex: change in respiratory tracts in cigarette smokers.
Anaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER -refers to cells that are undifferentiated with variable nuclear and
cell structures and numerous mitotic figures. Ex: malignant tumors
Hypoxia - CORRECT ANSWER -reduced oxygen in the tissue.
-interferes with ATP production in the cell, leading to loss of sodium pump out the cell
membrane as well as loss of cell functions.
Ischemia - CORRECT ANSWER -blockage that impedes blood flow
Necrosis - CORRECT ANSWER -tissue death ex: ischemia
Apoptosis - CORRECT ANSWER -programmed cell death, a normal occurrence
How to temperature extremes affect the body's cells? - CORRECT ANSWER -Heat may impair
blood supply to the cells or affect metabolic processes.
Osmosis - CORRECT ANSWER -movement of water from low solute concentration (ISF) to high
concentration (blood)
