CRM MIDTERM EXAM WITH ALL CORRECT & 100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS|ACTUAL COMPLETE EXAM|
ALREADY GRADED A+
Cultural Resources ✔Correct Answer-tangible and intangible aspects of cultural systems, both
living and dead, that are valued by or representative of a given culture or that contain information
about a culture
they can be:
- an archaeological site
- historic property as defined by NHPA
- properties thought to have central value
- cultural objects
- shipwrecks
- cultural use of natural resources
- historic documents etc.
Historic Property ✔Correct Answer-any prehistoric or historic district, site, building, structure or
object included in or eligible for inclusion on the National Register (of Historic Places) including
artifacts, records, and material remains related to such a property
Historic Preservation ✔Correct Answer-identification, evaluation, recordation, documentation,
curation, acquisition, protection, management, rehabilitation, restoration, stabilization, maintenance
research, interpretation (and) conservation (of historic properties) and education, training regarding
the foregoing activities and any combination of the foregoing activities
3 Perspectives of CRM ✔Correct Answer-- Legislative/Compliance
- Consulting
- Public Education
Legislative/Compliance Perspective ✔Correct Answer-doing what laws require agencies to do to
manage their impact to CR
- "the barest minimum you can get away with under the law"
Consulting Perspective ✔Correct Answer-applied branches of archaeology, history, historic
architecture, historic preservation
- driven by CRM legislation
- consultant is the one usually performing the RP3 for the agency
Public Education Perspective ✔Correct Answer-NPS
- CRM that focuses on interpreting and using cultural resources for scholarly and educational
purposes
- interpret the past for the public
Resource Protection Planning ✔Correct Answer-RP3 Process by the NPS
1. Identification
2. Evaluation
3. Protection
, RP3 Step 1: Identification ✔Correct Answer-conduct surveys to find and record historic properties
and potential historic properties
RP3 Step 2: Evaluation ✔Correct Answer-- assess significance, examine context
ONLY significant properties are protected by law
- significance = listing on the NRHP or being eligible for listing on the NHRP
RP3 Step 3: Protection ✔Correct Answer-- does NOT always equal preservation
- prudent or feasible alternative if not... mitigate
Two Principles at the heart of CRM ✔Correct Answer-1. Archaeological/historical resources are
finite and non-renewable resources that are rapidly disappearing with modernization and
development
2. Human heritage information gained from these resources is valuable and worthwhile
Aim of CRM ✔Correct Answer-to preserve and protect the physical remains of the past for the
information they contain
Function of CRM ✔Correct Answer-to determine the best means of extracting that information
and spreading it to the public
4 Functions/Values that Cultural Resources have... ✔Correct Answer-- Symbolic/Associative Value
- Informational Value
- Aesthetic Value
- Economic Value
1879 Important Year in Development of CRM ✔Correct Answer-1. Organization of The
Anthropological Society of Washington, later to become the AAA
2. Archaeological Institute of America was founded
3. Bureau of American Ethnology was established within the Smithsonian Institute
4. Frederick Putnam published "Report on United States Geological Survey West of the 100th
Meridian"
5. Lewis Henry Morgan was elected as President of the American Association for the Advancement of
Science
Major Developments in the Preservation Movement in the 20th Century ✔Correct Answer-1. Shift
from emphasis on only National Resources to Include Cultural Resources
2. Antiquities Act of 1906
3. 1930s Grass Roots Preservation Movements
4. Historic Sites Act of 1935
5. Post-WWII Developments
National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 ✔Correct Answer-Lady Bird Johnson's "beautification
program"
- recommended the creation of a National Historic Preservation Program
- this becomes the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966
- increased federal role in protecting cultural resources
Important Items Established by National Historic Preservation Act ✔Correct Answer-1. National
Register on Historic Places
- list of properties of regional, state, and local significance
VERIFIED ANSWERS|ACTUAL COMPLETE EXAM|
ALREADY GRADED A+
Cultural Resources ✔Correct Answer-tangible and intangible aspects of cultural systems, both
living and dead, that are valued by or representative of a given culture or that contain information
about a culture
they can be:
- an archaeological site
- historic property as defined by NHPA
- properties thought to have central value
- cultural objects
- shipwrecks
- cultural use of natural resources
- historic documents etc.
Historic Property ✔Correct Answer-any prehistoric or historic district, site, building, structure or
object included in or eligible for inclusion on the National Register (of Historic Places) including
artifacts, records, and material remains related to such a property
Historic Preservation ✔Correct Answer-identification, evaluation, recordation, documentation,
curation, acquisition, protection, management, rehabilitation, restoration, stabilization, maintenance
research, interpretation (and) conservation (of historic properties) and education, training regarding
the foregoing activities and any combination of the foregoing activities
3 Perspectives of CRM ✔Correct Answer-- Legislative/Compliance
- Consulting
- Public Education
Legislative/Compliance Perspective ✔Correct Answer-doing what laws require agencies to do to
manage their impact to CR
- "the barest minimum you can get away with under the law"
Consulting Perspective ✔Correct Answer-applied branches of archaeology, history, historic
architecture, historic preservation
- driven by CRM legislation
- consultant is the one usually performing the RP3 for the agency
Public Education Perspective ✔Correct Answer-NPS
- CRM that focuses on interpreting and using cultural resources for scholarly and educational
purposes
- interpret the past for the public
Resource Protection Planning ✔Correct Answer-RP3 Process by the NPS
1. Identification
2. Evaluation
3. Protection
, RP3 Step 1: Identification ✔Correct Answer-conduct surveys to find and record historic properties
and potential historic properties
RP3 Step 2: Evaluation ✔Correct Answer-- assess significance, examine context
ONLY significant properties are protected by law
- significance = listing on the NRHP or being eligible for listing on the NHRP
RP3 Step 3: Protection ✔Correct Answer-- does NOT always equal preservation
- prudent or feasible alternative if not... mitigate
Two Principles at the heart of CRM ✔Correct Answer-1. Archaeological/historical resources are
finite and non-renewable resources that are rapidly disappearing with modernization and
development
2. Human heritage information gained from these resources is valuable and worthwhile
Aim of CRM ✔Correct Answer-to preserve and protect the physical remains of the past for the
information they contain
Function of CRM ✔Correct Answer-to determine the best means of extracting that information
and spreading it to the public
4 Functions/Values that Cultural Resources have... ✔Correct Answer-- Symbolic/Associative Value
- Informational Value
- Aesthetic Value
- Economic Value
1879 Important Year in Development of CRM ✔Correct Answer-1. Organization of The
Anthropological Society of Washington, later to become the AAA
2. Archaeological Institute of America was founded
3. Bureau of American Ethnology was established within the Smithsonian Institute
4. Frederick Putnam published "Report on United States Geological Survey West of the 100th
Meridian"
5. Lewis Henry Morgan was elected as President of the American Association for the Advancement of
Science
Major Developments in the Preservation Movement in the 20th Century ✔Correct Answer-1. Shift
from emphasis on only National Resources to Include Cultural Resources
2. Antiquities Act of 1906
3. 1930s Grass Roots Preservation Movements
4. Historic Sites Act of 1935
5. Post-WWII Developments
National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 ✔Correct Answer-Lady Bird Johnson's "beautification
program"
- recommended the creation of a National Historic Preservation Program
- this becomes the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966
- increased federal role in protecting cultural resources
Important Items Established by National Historic Preservation Act ✔Correct Answer-1. National
Register on Historic Places
- list of properties of regional, state, and local significance
