APHY 102 Midterm Exam Study Guide – Ivy Tech Anatomy &
Physiology
1. What is a hormone and
Hormones are chemical messengers that are
how does it act?
responsible for regulation. They are secreted into body
fluids, mainly blood. It has specific actions on target
tissues, which are any tissue that has specific receptors
for that particular hormone.
2. What is a paracrine gland?a secretion that enters interstitial fluid but attects only
neighbor-
ing cells
3. What is an autocrine gland? A secretion that only attects the secreting cell.
4. What is an endocrine gland? A gland that secretes a substance (a hormone) into th
blood-
stream and act on target cells
5. What is an exocrine gland? A ducted gland that produces a secretion onto a body
surface.
6. Where is the thymus located? mediastinum; behind the sternum
7. Where is the pineal 11. Where is the pancreas locat- ed?
gland lo- cated?
8. Where are the
reproductive organs
located?
9. Where is the pituitary
gland located?
10. Where are the
adrenal glands
located?
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36
, APHY 102 Midterm Exam Study Guide – Ivy Tech Anatomy &
Physiology
center of brain brain
abdomen; pelvic on top of each kidney
sella turcica of the sphenoid bone; base of the posterior to the stomach
12. What are the two steroid hor- Sex hormones and adrenal cortex hormones;
estrogen and
mones? testosterone
2/
36
, APHY 102 Midterm Exam Study Guide – Ivy Tech Anatomy &
Physiology
13. Describe steroid hormones -dittuse through cell membranes into cytoplasm or nucle
-combine with a receptor molecule binding to DNA
-promote transcription of mRNA
-mRNA enters cytoplasm directing protein synthesis
14. Describe non-steroid Amines, proteins, peptides, and glycoproteins. The
hor- mones. endocrine gland secretes nonsteroid hormones, which
body fluid carries hormone to its target cell. Hormone
combines with receptor site on membrane of its target
cell, activating G protein. Cellular changes produce the
15. How is the anterior hormone's ettects.
pituitary
The anterior pituitary becomes an endocrine gland produc-
gland different than the pos- ing and secreting hormones for the body and
connects to the
terior pituitary gland? posterior pituitary when fully formed. Meanwhile, the
posterior pituitary remains connected to the
hypothalamus, functioning as a repository for
hormones produced by the hypothalamus and
receiving messages from it that regulate when
hormones are to be released to and through the
16. What regulates
anterior pituitary
pituitary gland
secretion?
Hypothalamus
17. Describe tropic hormones stimulate other endocrine glands to relea
hormones
18. anterior pituitary hormones ACTH - controls manufacture and secretion of certa
hormones
from the outer layer of the adrenal gland.
FSH - controls growth and development of follicles that
house egg cells in ovaries and stimulate production of
sperm cells in the testes.
3/
36
, APHY 102 Midterm Exam Study Guide – Ivy Tech Anatomy &
Physiology
GH - stimulates cells to enlarge and more rapidly divide
LH - promotes secretion of sex hormones and allows
release of egg cells from ovaries
4/
36
Physiology
1. What is a hormone and
Hormones are chemical messengers that are
how does it act?
responsible for regulation. They are secreted into body
fluids, mainly blood. It has specific actions on target
tissues, which are any tissue that has specific receptors
for that particular hormone.
2. What is a paracrine gland?a secretion that enters interstitial fluid but attects only
neighbor-
ing cells
3. What is an autocrine gland? A secretion that only attects the secreting cell.
4. What is an endocrine gland? A gland that secretes a substance (a hormone) into th
blood-
stream and act on target cells
5. What is an exocrine gland? A ducted gland that produces a secretion onto a body
surface.
6. Where is the thymus located? mediastinum; behind the sternum
7. Where is the pineal 11. Where is the pancreas locat- ed?
gland lo- cated?
8. Where are the
reproductive organs
located?
9. Where is the pituitary
gland located?
10. Where are the
adrenal glands
located?
1/
36
, APHY 102 Midterm Exam Study Guide – Ivy Tech Anatomy &
Physiology
center of brain brain
abdomen; pelvic on top of each kidney
sella turcica of the sphenoid bone; base of the posterior to the stomach
12. What are the two steroid hor- Sex hormones and adrenal cortex hormones;
estrogen and
mones? testosterone
2/
36
, APHY 102 Midterm Exam Study Guide – Ivy Tech Anatomy &
Physiology
13. Describe steroid hormones -dittuse through cell membranes into cytoplasm or nucle
-combine with a receptor molecule binding to DNA
-promote transcription of mRNA
-mRNA enters cytoplasm directing protein synthesis
14. Describe non-steroid Amines, proteins, peptides, and glycoproteins. The
hor- mones. endocrine gland secretes nonsteroid hormones, which
body fluid carries hormone to its target cell. Hormone
combines with receptor site on membrane of its target
cell, activating G protein. Cellular changes produce the
15. How is the anterior hormone's ettects.
pituitary
The anterior pituitary becomes an endocrine gland produc-
gland different than the pos- ing and secreting hormones for the body and
connects to the
terior pituitary gland? posterior pituitary when fully formed. Meanwhile, the
posterior pituitary remains connected to the
hypothalamus, functioning as a repository for
hormones produced by the hypothalamus and
receiving messages from it that regulate when
hormones are to be released to and through the
16. What regulates
anterior pituitary
pituitary gland
secretion?
Hypothalamus
17. Describe tropic hormones stimulate other endocrine glands to relea
hormones
18. anterior pituitary hormones ACTH - controls manufacture and secretion of certa
hormones
from the outer layer of the adrenal gland.
FSH - controls growth and development of follicles that
house egg cells in ovaries and stimulate production of
sperm cells in the testes.
3/
36
, APHY 102 Midterm Exam Study Guide – Ivy Tech Anatomy &
Physiology
GH - stimulates cells to enlarge and more rapidly divide
LH - promotes secretion of sex hormones and allows
release of egg cells from ovaries
4/
36
