PETROBOWL TEST QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT SOLUTIONS LATEST 2025
What chemical found in TNT is also found in oil, particularly Borneo crude? - Answers Toloul
What is the term for the vented or drained off fluids from a pressured well? - Answers Bleed Off
Name Five types of Packers used in the oil industry? - Answers Compression set packer,
drillable packer, hookwall packer, inflatable packer, hydraulic packer
This volume of gas has been separated from produced water. - Answers Blue gas
What is a raised metal lip that is around a perforation? - Answers Burr
what is the area of the rock adjacent to the perforation tunnel where permeability may be 50%
less than initial, undamaged permeability? - Answers Crush Zone
This term describes the difference between average reservoir pressure and the flowing
bottomhole pressure. - Answers Drawdown
This type of drawdown is the pressure differential from the formation near the wellbore to the
wellbore. - Answers Completion Drawdown
This is a rubber or plastic material used as a seal. - Answers Elastomer
In the USA, this type of well is defined as producing 10 BOE/d or less. - Answers Stripper well
Describe what a z factor is also give the equation for it. - Answers The "z" factor is the ratio of
the volume actually occupied by a gas at a given pressure and temperature to the volume the
gas would occupy at the same pressure and temperature if it behaved like an ideal gas. Z=
VACTUAL /VIDEAL
What is the equation for gas specific gravity? - Answers Yg = Y/Yair
What do the variables represent in the gas specific gravity equation? - Answers Yg is the
specific gravity of the gas, ?g is the density of the gas, and ?air is the density of dry air.
What would the pressure be in a black oil reservoir at discovery? - Answers Either above the
bubble point or equal to the bubble point pressure
What are the two types of chemical bonds? - Answers Covalent and ionic bonds
What is a vessel used to treat or separate water-oil emulsions? - Answers Treater
In offshore operations, what does FPSO stand for? - Answers Floating Production, Storage, and
Offloading Vessel
What is vessel used to separate gas oil and water after the mixture is produced from the well? -
Answers Separator
,What is the unused world oil production capacity called? - Answers Spare Capacity
What type of well typically produces a few barrels of oil per day and accounted for 15 percent of
total U.S. production in 1986? - Answers Stripper wells
What is the average world's water cut associated with oil production? - Answers 25%
Who is considered the world leader in deep-offshore production? - Answers Brazil's Petrobras.
Wildcatter's used to taste and classify oils as sweet, medium sour, and sour based on what
property of oil? - Answers Sulfur Content.
What term is used to define a higher than expected production from existing oilfields possible
due to improved management, adoption of more sophisticated and costly technologies or
previous miscalculation? - Answers Production Creeping
What are the two possible ways single phase flow can be characterized? - Answers Laminar or
Turbulent
The velocity profile is parabolic for what type of flow? - Answers Laminar
Assuming uniform pipe diamters, what will be the pressure drop due to kinetic enery for an
incompressible fluid. - Answers Zero
When calculating relative pipe roughness, Є=k/d, what is k? - Answers Length of the protrusions
on the pipe wall.
In two phase flow what is hold up? - Answers When the lighter phase flows faster than the
denser phase.
What is bubble flow? - Answers Dispersed bubbles of gas in a continous liquid phase.
What is slug flow? - Answers At higher gas rates, the bubbles coalesce into larger bubbles,
called Taylor bubbles, that eventually fill the entire pipe cross section. Between the large gas
bubbles are slugs of liquid that contain smaller bubbles of gas entrained in the liquid.
What is churn flow? - Answers With a further increase in gas rate, the larger gas bubbles
become unstable and collapse, resulting in churn flow, a highly turbulent flow pattern with both
phases dipsersed. Churn flow is characterized by oscillatory, up and down motions of the liquid.
What is annular flow? - Answers At higher gas rates, gas becomes the continous phase, with
liquid flowing in an annulus coating the surface of the pipe and with liquid droplets entrained in
the gas phase.
Which two phase pressure gradient correlation can be used for any pipe inclination and flow
direction? - Answers Beggs and Brill
,Why for two phase flow would an increase in the imposed well head pressur result in a
proportionaltely larger increase in the corresponding bottom hole pressure? - Answers Because
gas would be re-dissolved, increasing the density of the fluid in the wellbore.
What is the concept of a gas lift? - Answers Increase gas liquid ratio resulting in a reduction to
bottomhole pressure
There exists a limting gas liquid ratio, where the decrease in hydrostatic pressure will be offset
by what? - Answers Increase in frictional pressure drop
The instersection of the IPR curve and VLP curve gives what result? - Answers Well deliverability
The integration fo flow rate versus time results in what? - Answers Cummulative Production
The fluid recover from an undersaturated oil reservoir depends entirely on what? - Answers The
fluid expansion as a result of underground withdrawal and associated pressure reduction.
In Havlena and Odehs application of the material balance what is m? - Answers m= vol of gas
cap/vol of oil
Graphing F vs Eo (underground withdrawals vs Oil Expansion) would result in a slope of what,
for saturated reservoirs and with no gas cap. - Answers Slope of N, original oil in place
Which type of reservoir drive system is happening when a reservoir contains no gas cap but
rapidly passes below the bubble point pressure after production commences. - Answers
Solution gas drive
With two phase flow, why does the flow regime not affect the pressure drop in horizontal flow
as it does in vertical flow? - Answers No potential energy contribution to the pressure drop in
horizontal flow
Brill and Beggs described three flow regimes for horizontal gas-liquid flow, what are they? -
Answers Segregated flow, intermittent flow, and distributive flow
What is segregated flow? - Answers The two phases are for the most part separate.
What is intermittent flow? - Answers Gas and liquid phase alternates
What is distributive flow? - Answers One phase is dispersed in the other phase.
What are the three types of segregated flow? - Answers Stratified, Wavy and annular.
What are the two types of intermittent flow? - Answers Slug and Plug.
What are the two types of distributive flow? - Answers Bubble and mist.
How are the effects of valves and fittings included when calculating the pressure drop. -
Answers Adding the equivilent length to the actual length
, What is critical flow through a choke? - Answers When the fluid is accelerated enough to reach
sonic velocity in the throat of the choke
What is the device inside the choke that restricts flow called? - Answers The bean
Why most a reservoir sample be taken before production in new wells? - Answers Once the
reservoir drops below bubble point it is no longer possible to acquire a fluid sample from which
the hydrocarbon compostion can be determined.
Interpretation of a stabilized well test yields what information? - Answers Average reservoir
pressure in the well drainage area, and the well productivity or injectivity index.
When can a stabilized well test be conducted. - Answers During steady state flow or pseudo
steady state flow
How is the productivity index calculated? - Answers Well flow rate q, divided by the drop in
pressure from the average reservoir pressure,p, to the flowing wellbore pressure pwf.
If the productivity of a well is low due to low permeability, how is this overcome? - Answers
Hydraulic fracturing
What is a drawdown test? - Answers Opening a well to flow after a shut in.
What is caused by movement, expansion, and/or compression of wellbore fluids in response to
a pressure change? - Answers Wellbore storage
On a log log plot of flow rate vs time, what characteristic describes storage? - Answers A hump
in the pressure derivative
Why is the use of down hole shutin recommended in pressure buildup tests? - Answers To avoid
loss of early time data that may help to characterize damage and to avoid error in the test
interpretation.
What are derivative responses that are commonly found and readily recognized in transient test
data termed? - Answers Flow regimes
During wellbore storage flow regime, what is the slope of the pressure derivative. - Answers One
For a finite conductivity vertical fracture flow regime(bilinear flow), the pressure change and
derivate are offset by a factor of what? - Answers Four
For an infinite conductivity vertical fracture flow (linear flow) flow regime, what is the slope of
the pressure change? - Answers 0.5
The partial penetration (shperical flow regime) occurs between well bore storage and what
other flow regime. - Answers Infinite acting radial flow
What chemical found in TNT is also found in oil, particularly Borneo crude? - Answers Toloul
What is the term for the vented or drained off fluids from a pressured well? - Answers Bleed Off
Name Five types of Packers used in the oil industry? - Answers Compression set packer,
drillable packer, hookwall packer, inflatable packer, hydraulic packer
This volume of gas has been separated from produced water. - Answers Blue gas
What is a raised metal lip that is around a perforation? - Answers Burr
what is the area of the rock adjacent to the perforation tunnel where permeability may be 50%
less than initial, undamaged permeability? - Answers Crush Zone
This term describes the difference between average reservoir pressure and the flowing
bottomhole pressure. - Answers Drawdown
This type of drawdown is the pressure differential from the formation near the wellbore to the
wellbore. - Answers Completion Drawdown
This is a rubber or plastic material used as a seal. - Answers Elastomer
In the USA, this type of well is defined as producing 10 BOE/d or less. - Answers Stripper well
Describe what a z factor is also give the equation for it. - Answers The "z" factor is the ratio of
the volume actually occupied by a gas at a given pressure and temperature to the volume the
gas would occupy at the same pressure and temperature if it behaved like an ideal gas. Z=
VACTUAL /VIDEAL
What is the equation for gas specific gravity? - Answers Yg = Y/Yair
What do the variables represent in the gas specific gravity equation? - Answers Yg is the
specific gravity of the gas, ?g is the density of the gas, and ?air is the density of dry air.
What would the pressure be in a black oil reservoir at discovery? - Answers Either above the
bubble point or equal to the bubble point pressure
What are the two types of chemical bonds? - Answers Covalent and ionic bonds
What is a vessel used to treat or separate water-oil emulsions? - Answers Treater
In offshore operations, what does FPSO stand for? - Answers Floating Production, Storage, and
Offloading Vessel
What is vessel used to separate gas oil and water after the mixture is produced from the well? -
Answers Separator
,What is the unused world oil production capacity called? - Answers Spare Capacity
What type of well typically produces a few barrels of oil per day and accounted for 15 percent of
total U.S. production in 1986? - Answers Stripper wells
What is the average world's water cut associated with oil production? - Answers 25%
Who is considered the world leader in deep-offshore production? - Answers Brazil's Petrobras.
Wildcatter's used to taste and classify oils as sweet, medium sour, and sour based on what
property of oil? - Answers Sulfur Content.
What term is used to define a higher than expected production from existing oilfields possible
due to improved management, adoption of more sophisticated and costly technologies or
previous miscalculation? - Answers Production Creeping
What are the two possible ways single phase flow can be characterized? - Answers Laminar or
Turbulent
The velocity profile is parabolic for what type of flow? - Answers Laminar
Assuming uniform pipe diamters, what will be the pressure drop due to kinetic enery for an
incompressible fluid. - Answers Zero
When calculating relative pipe roughness, Є=k/d, what is k? - Answers Length of the protrusions
on the pipe wall.
In two phase flow what is hold up? - Answers When the lighter phase flows faster than the
denser phase.
What is bubble flow? - Answers Dispersed bubbles of gas in a continous liquid phase.
What is slug flow? - Answers At higher gas rates, the bubbles coalesce into larger bubbles,
called Taylor bubbles, that eventually fill the entire pipe cross section. Between the large gas
bubbles are slugs of liquid that contain smaller bubbles of gas entrained in the liquid.
What is churn flow? - Answers With a further increase in gas rate, the larger gas bubbles
become unstable and collapse, resulting in churn flow, a highly turbulent flow pattern with both
phases dipsersed. Churn flow is characterized by oscillatory, up and down motions of the liquid.
What is annular flow? - Answers At higher gas rates, gas becomes the continous phase, with
liquid flowing in an annulus coating the surface of the pipe and with liquid droplets entrained in
the gas phase.
Which two phase pressure gradient correlation can be used for any pipe inclination and flow
direction? - Answers Beggs and Brill
,Why for two phase flow would an increase in the imposed well head pressur result in a
proportionaltely larger increase in the corresponding bottom hole pressure? - Answers Because
gas would be re-dissolved, increasing the density of the fluid in the wellbore.
What is the concept of a gas lift? - Answers Increase gas liquid ratio resulting in a reduction to
bottomhole pressure
There exists a limting gas liquid ratio, where the decrease in hydrostatic pressure will be offset
by what? - Answers Increase in frictional pressure drop
The instersection of the IPR curve and VLP curve gives what result? - Answers Well deliverability
The integration fo flow rate versus time results in what? - Answers Cummulative Production
The fluid recover from an undersaturated oil reservoir depends entirely on what? - Answers The
fluid expansion as a result of underground withdrawal and associated pressure reduction.
In Havlena and Odehs application of the material balance what is m? - Answers m= vol of gas
cap/vol of oil
Graphing F vs Eo (underground withdrawals vs Oil Expansion) would result in a slope of what,
for saturated reservoirs and with no gas cap. - Answers Slope of N, original oil in place
Which type of reservoir drive system is happening when a reservoir contains no gas cap but
rapidly passes below the bubble point pressure after production commences. - Answers
Solution gas drive
With two phase flow, why does the flow regime not affect the pressure drop in horizontal flow
as it does in vertical flow? - Answers No potential energy contribution to the pressure drop in
horizontal flow
Brill and Beggs described three flow regimes for horizontal gas-liquid flow, what are they? -
Answers Segregated flow, intermittent flow, and distributive flow
What is segregated flow? - Answers The two phases are for the most part separate.
What is intermittent flow? - Answers Gas and liquid phase alternates
What is distributive flow? - Answers One phase is dispersed in the other phase.
What are the three types of segregated flow? - Answers Stratified, Wavy and annular.
What are the two types of intermittent flow? - Answers Slug and Plug.
What are the two types of distributive flow? - Answers Bubble and mist.
How are the effects of valves and fittings included when calculating the pressure drop. -
Answers Adding the equivilent length to the actual length
, What is critical flow through a choke? - Answers When the fluid is accelerated enough to reach
sonic velocity in the throat of the choke
What is the device inside the choke that restricts flow called? - Answers The bean
Why most a reservoir sample be taken before production in new wells? - Answers Once the
reservoir drops below bubble point it is no longer possible to acquire a fluid sample from which
the hydrocarbon compostion can be determined.
Interpretation of a stabilized well test yields what information? - Answers Average reservoir
pressure in the well drainage area, and the well productivity or injectivity index.
When can a stabilized well test be conducted. - Answers During steady state flow or pseudo
steady state flow
How is the productivity index calculated? - Answers Well flow rate q, divided by the drop in
pressure from the average reservoir pressure,p, to the flowing wellbore pressure pwf.
If the productivity of a well is low due to low permeability, how is this overcome? - Answers
Hydraulic fracturing
What is a drawdown test? - Answers Opening a well to flow after a shut in.
What is caused by movement, expansion, and/or compression of wellbore fluids in response to
a pressure change? - Answers Wellbore storage
On a log log plot of flow rate vs time, what characteristic describes storage? - Answers A hump
in the pressure derivative
Why is the use of down hole shutin recommended in pressure buildup tests? - Answers To avoid
loss of early time data that may help to characterize damage and to avoid error in the test
interpretation.
What are derivative responses that are commonly found and readily recognized in transient test
data termed? - Answers Flow regimes
During wellbore storage flow regime, what is the slope of the pressure derivative. - Answers One
For a finite conductivity vertical fracture flow regime(bilinear flow), the pressure change and
derivate are offset by a factor of what? - Answers Four
For an infinite conductivity vertical fracture flow (linear flow) flow regime, what is the slope of
the pressure change? - Answers 0.5
The partial penetration (shperical flow regime) occurs between well bore storage and what
other flow regime. - Answers Infinite acting radial flow
