Psychology Exam Study Notes:
Abnormality, Depression, And Phobias With
Complete Solutions Graded A+
what are the strengths of using
'deviation from social norms' as a definition of abnormality?
- more culturally relativistic (as long as not generalised across cultures)
- maintains stability in society
what are two ways of assessing the success of a therapy in psychology
effectiveness and appropriateness
what are the strengths of the cognitive explanation for depression?
- supporting research: Al Mosaiwi and Johnstone, content analysis found that
depression and suicide forums contained more absolutist words
- application to CBT
what are the weaknesses of the cognitive explanation for depression?
- Ellis' ABC model only accounts for reactive depression
- direction of causality is unclear
explain how a phobia is acquired
classical conditioning results in associations between a previously neutral stimulus
and a naturally fear invoking unconditioned stimulus
explain how a phobia is maintained
operant conditioning via negative reinforcement - avoidance of the phobic stimulus
reduces anxiety which is a positive experience à continued avoidance
what are the emotional characteristics of depression
low mood, lack of pleasure (anhedonia), worthlessness
what was Ellis' model for explaining depression?
Abnormality, Depression, And Phobias With
Complete Solutions Graded A+
what are the strengths of using
'deviation from social norms' as a definition of abnormality?
- more culturally relativistic (as long as not generalised across cultures)
- maintains stability in society
what are two ways of assessing the success of a therapy in psychology
effectiveness and appropriateness
what are the strengths of the cognitive explanation for depression?
- supporting research: Al Mosaiwi and Johnstone, content analysis found that
depression and suicide forums contained more absolutist words
- application to CBT
what are the weaknesses of the cognitive explanation for depression?
- Ellis' ABC model only accounts for reactive depression
- direction of causality is unclear
explain how a phobia is acquired
classical conditioning results in associations between a previously neutral stimulus
and a naturally fear invoking unconditioned stimulus
explain how a phobia is maintained
operant conditioning via negative reinforcement - avoidance of the phobic stimulus
reduces anxiety which is a positive experience à continued avoidance
what are the emotional characteristics of depression
low mood, lack of pleasure (anhedonia), worthlessness
what was Ellis' model for explaining depression?
