NUR401 Exam Questions with Answers
Preembryonic Stage - ✔✔Conception to two weeks; rapid cell division and growth
conceptus to morula; enters uterus 3-4 days after conception
implantation into desidua on days 6-10
zygote secretes hCG to promote estrogen/progesterone secretion
Embryonic Stage - ✔✔weeks 3-8; differntiation of cells and formation of all major organ
systems from the autoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
can be altered by teratogens; neural tube defects may form
Embryonic stage milestones - ✔✔fetal heart tones at 21-22 days
Fetal stage - ✔✔9 weeks to birth; growth and refinement
Fetal stage milestones - ✔✔urine production at weeks 9-12
sex can be determined by 12 weeks
quickening at 16-20 weeks
viability at 24 weeks
full term at 37-40 weeks
Placenta - ✔✔thick disk-shaped organ that secretes hCG/estrogen/progesterone/human
chorionic somatomammotropin and transfers nutrients, gas, wastes, antibodies, and hormones
between mother and baby
Fetal membranes - ✔✔Amnion: inner membrane; continuous with the surface of the umbilical
cord and joins the epithelium on the fetus's abdomen
Chorion: outer membrane; forms from gradual erosion of the chorionic villi
,Amniotic Fluid: fluid that provides cushioning and thermoregulation for the fetus to promote
fetal development
Oligohydramnios - ✔✔less than 500 mL of amniotic fluid from malformations and/or issues
with kidneys/blood flow
leads to poor fetal lung development and newborn respiratory distress
Polyhydramnios/Hydramnios - ✔✔in excess of 2000mL of fluid due to severe GI/CNS
malformations
leads to preterm birth, cord prolapse, and placental abruption
Umbilical Cord - ✔✔two arteries and one vein to cary oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and
waste products
Umbilical Vein - ✔✔brings oxygenated blood and nutrients from mother to fetus
Umbilical Arteries - ✔✔brings deoxygenated blood and waste products from fetus to mother
Nagele's rule - ✔✔Date of LMP - 3 months + 7 days
Fix year if needed
Expected weight gain in pregnancy: Underweight - ✔✔BMI = <18.5
12.5-18kg (28-40 lbs)
Expected weight gain in pregnancy: Normal weight - ✔✔BMI = 18.5-24.9
11.5-16kg (25-35 lbs)
Expected weight gain in pregnancy: Overweight - ✔✔BMI = 25-29.9
, 7-11.5kg (15-25 lbs)
Expected weight gain in pregnancy: Obesity - ✔✔BMI = >30
5-9 kg (11-20 lbs)
Complications of poor weight gain in pregnancy - ✔✔Low birth weight, preterm birth, SGA
Complications of excessive weight gain in pregnancy - ✔✔macrosomia, c-section, low apgar,
neonatal hypoglycemia, overweight child
Importance of folate in pregnancy (and appropriate supplementation) - ✔✔Critical for fetal
neural development; supplementation prevents the development of neural tube defects (spina
bifida, anencephaly)
600 mcg folic acid supplementation
Importance of calcium in pregnancy (and sources) - ✔✔Fetal bone development
leafy greens, legumes, dried fruit, pasteurized dairy products
Placenta Previa - ✔✔Implementation of the placenta into the lower uterus
Causes of placenta previa - ✔✔advanced maternal age, multiparity, previous c-section,
previous suction curettage, smoking, cocaine use
Manifestations of placenta previa - ✔✔sudden onset of painless, bright red bleeding in the
latter half of pregnancy
Management of placenta previa - ✔✔abstain from sex, activity restriction, no sterile vaginal
exams, no oxytocin, kick counts, BPP/NST, early c-section
Preembryonic Stage - ✔✔Conception to two weeks; rapid cell division and growth
conceptus to morula; enters uterus 3-4 days after conception
implantation into desidua on days 6-10
zygote secretes hCG to promote estrogen/progesterone secretion
Embryonic Stage - ✔✔weeks 3-8; differntiation of cells and formation of all major organ
systems from the autoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
can be altered by teratogens; neural tube defects may form
Embryonic stage milestones - ✔✔fetal heart tones at 21-22 days
Fetal stage - ✔✔9 weeks to birth; growth and refinement
Fetal stage milestones - ✔✔urine production at weeks 9-12
sex can be determined by 12 weeks
quickening at 16-20 weeks
viability at 24 weeks
full term at 37-40 weeks
Placenta - ✔✔thick disk-shaped organ that secretes hCG/estrogen/progesterone/human
chorionic somatomammotropin and transfers nutrients, gas, wastes, antibodies, and hormones
between mother and baby
Fetal membranes - ✔✔Amnion: inner membrane; continuous with the surface of the umbilical
cord and joins the epithelium on the fetus's abdomen
Chorion: outer membrane; forms from gradual erosion of the chorionic villi
,Amniotic Fluid: fluid that provides cushioning and thermoregulation for the fetus to promote
fetal development
Oligohydramnios - ✔✔less than 500 mL of amniotic fluid from malformations and/or issues
with kidneys/blood flow
leads to poor fetal lung development and newborn respiratory distress
Polyhydramnios/Hydramnios - ✔✔in excess of 2000mL of fluid due to severe GI/CNS
malformations
leads to preterm birth, cord prolapse, and placental abruption
Umbilical Cord - ✔✔two arteries and one vein to cary oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and
waste products
Umbilical Vein - ✔✔brings oxygenated blood and nutrients from mother to fetus
Umbilical Arteries - ✔✔brings deoxygenated blood and waste products from fetus to mother
Nagele's rule - ✔✔Date of LMP - 3 months + 7 days
Fix year if needed
Expected weight gain in pregnancy: Underweight - ✔✔BMI = <18.5
12.5-18kg (28-40 lbs)
Expected weight gain in pregnancy: Normal weight - ✔✔BMI = 18.5-24.9
11.5-16kg (25-35 lbs)
Expected weight gain in pregnancy: Overweight - ✔✔BMI = 25-29.9
, 7-11.5kg (15-25 lbs)
Expected weight gain in pregnancy: Obesity - ✔✔BMI = >30
5-9 kg (11-20 lbs)
Complications of poor weight gain in pregnancy - ✔✔Low birth weight, preterm birth, SGA
Complications of excessive weight gain in pregnancy - ✔✔macrosomia, c-section, low apgar,
neonatal hypoglycemia, overweight child
Importance of folate in pregnancy (and appropriate supplementation) - ✔✔Critical for fetal
neural development; supplementation prevents the development of neural tube defects (spina
bifida, anencephaly)
600 mcg folic acid supplementation
Importance of calcium in pregnancy (and sources) - ✔✔Fetal bone development
leafy greens, legumes, dried fruit, pasteurized dairy products
Placenta Previa - ✔✔Implementation of the placenta into the lower uterus
Causes of placenta previa - ✔✔advanced maternal age, multiparity, previous c-section,
previous suction curettage, smoking, cocaine use
Manifestations of placenta previa - ✔✔sudden onset of painless, bright red bleeding in the
latter half of pregnancy
Management of placenta previa - ✔✔abstain from sex, activity restriction, no sterile vaginal
exams, no oxytocin, kick counts, BPP/NST, early c-section
