INTERNAL MEDICINE EOR CORE EXAMS SET QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 2025/2026 ALL RATED A+
✔✔Barlow maneuver - ✔✔dislocates hip by adducting
✔✔Ortolani maneuver - ✔✔relocates hip = + clunk test for congenital hip dysplasia;
abducting motion
✔✔Pseudogout - ✔✔calcium pyrophosphate; tx is inject CS into joint
✔✔Reiters syndrome tx - ✔✔Dysentary assoc: cipro 500 bid x 5-10days
STD: Doxycycline 100bid x 7-10 d
✔✔Drugs that induce SLE - ✔✔Hydralazine, Quinidine, Minocycline, Isoniazid,
Procainamide
✔✔CREST syndrome - ✔✔C-calcinosis, R-Raynaud's Phenomenon, E-Eophageal
Dysfunction, S-Sclerodactyly, T-Telangiectasia (dilation of capillaries)
✔✔Nephrolithiasis dx - ✔✔Non-contrast Spiral CT
✔✔Prostatitis organisms - ✔✔Gram (-) rods
✔✔Prostatits tx - ✔✔Men <35: oflaxacin or ceftriaxone 250 IM followed by doxycycline x
10d
Men >35: Fluro or TMP/SMX x 10-14d
Chronic: cipro x 4 weeks; or TMP/SMX x 1-3 mo
✔✔Bladder cancer dx - ✔✔cystoscopy is definitive 100%
✔✔Bladder cancer tx - ✔✔resection, radical cystectomy, radiation if not a surgery
candidate
✔✔Renal Cell Carcinoma tx - ✔✔nephrectomy and/or radiation
Chemo and hormonal therapy have no benefit
✔✔Prerenal ARF - ✔✔• Urine sodium < 20 mEq/L
• Fractional excretion of sodium (FeNA) less than 1%
• Urine osmolality 500 mOsm
• Elevated BUN to plasma Cr ratio (20:1)
✔✔Intrinsic ARF - ✔✔• Increased urine sodium > 40 mEq/L
• FeNa > 1-2%
• Urine osmolality of 250-300 mOsm
, • Decreased BUN to plasma Cr ratio (<15:1)
✔✔Postrenal ARF - ✔✔obstruction - lab values vary
✔✔Dialysis indications - ✔✔serum creatinine exceeds 5-10 mg/dL
Other indications: unresponsive acidosis, electrolyte disorders, fluid overload, or uremic
complications
✔✔Chronic Kidney Disease stages - ✔✔Stage 1: kidney damage with normal GFR
greater than 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 body surface area and persistent albuminuria
Stage 2: kidney damage with mild decrease in GFR 60-89 mL/min/1.73 m2 body
surface area
Stage 3: moderate decrease in GFR 30-59 mL/min/1.73 m2 body surface area
Stage 4: severe decrease in GFR 15-29 mL/min/1.73 m2 body surface area
Stage 5: kidney failure with GFR < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 body surface area
✔✔Nephrotic syndrome - ✔✔Defined as excretion of more than 3.5 g of protein per 1.73
m2 in 24 hours; Manifests with hypoalbuminemia, lipiduria, hypercholesterolemia, and
edema
✔✔Nephrotic syndrome UA - ✔✔Key finding: oval fat body (renal tubular cell that has
reabsorbed some of the excess lipids in the urine); RBC casts, granular casts, hyaline
casts, and fatty casts
✔✔polycystic kidney disease - ✔✔An autosomal dominant. A dominant gene. Slow
progressing Symptoms include frequent UTIs in children, by 50 yrs old, flank pain,
pyuria, hematuria, 4/10 pain. DX include H/P, U/A, C/S, diagnostic imaging. TX include
dialysis, transplant and antibiotics
✔✔Phren's sign - ✔✔Pain associated with epididymitis is relieved somewhat by
elevating the testis. If negative, no relief, it points to testicular torsion
✔✔Testicular torsion tx - ✔✔Surgical detorsion and orchipexy are the definitive
treatment
Emergent surgical intervention on the affected testis must be followed by elective
surgery (orchipexy) on the contralateral testis, which is also at risk of torsion
✔✔Epidymitis organism - ✔✔Men < 35: chlamydia and gonorrhea
Men >35: E. coli
✔✔Epididymitis tx - ✔✔Men <35: Ceftriaxone 250 mg IM + doxycycline 100 mg BID x
10 days
Men >35: Ciprofloxacin 500 mg BID x 10-14 days
Supportive care: bed rest, scrotal elevation, and analgesics
AND ANSWERS 2025/2026 ALL RATED A+
✔✔Barlow maneuver - ✔✔dislocates hip by adducting
✔✔Ortolani maneuver - ✔✔relocates hip = + clunk test for congenital hip dysplasia;
abducting motion
✔✔Pseudogout - ✔✔calcium pyrophosphate; tx is inject CS into joint
✔✔Reiters syndrome tx - ✔✔Dysentary assoc: cipro 500 bid x 5-10days
STD: Doxycycline 100bid x 7-10 d
✔✔Drugs that induce SLE - ✔✔Hydralazine, Quinidine, Minocycline, Isoniazid,
Procainamide
✔✔CREST syndrome - ✔✔C-calcinosis, R-Raynaud's Phenomenon, E-Eophageal
Dysfunction, S-Sclerodactyly, T-Telangiectasia (dilation of capillaries)
✔✔Nephrolithiasis dx - ✔✔Non-contrast Spiral CT
✔✔Prostatitis organisms - ✔✔Gram (-) rods
✔✔Prostatits tx - ✔✔Men <35: oflaxacin or ceftriaxone 250 IM followed by doxycycline x
10d
Men >35: Fluro or TMP/SMX x 10-14d
Chronic: cipro x 4 weeks; or TMP/SMX x 1-3 mo
✔✔Bladder cancer dx - ✔✔cystoscopy is definitive 100%
✔✔Bladder cancer tx - ✔✔resection, radical cystectomy, radiation if not a surgery
candidate
✔✔Renal Cell Carcinoma tx - ✔✔nephrectomy and/or radiation
Chemo and hormonal therapy have no benefit
✔✔Prerenal ARF - ✔✔• Urine sodium < 20 mEq/L
• Fractional excretion of sodium (FeNA) less than 1%
• Urine osmolality 500 mOsm
• Elevated BUN to plasma Cr ratio (20:1)
✔✔Intrinsic ARF - ✔✔• Increased urine sodium > 40 mEq/L
• FeNa > 1-2%
• Urine osmolality of 250-300 mOsm
, • Decreased BUN to plasma Cr ratio (<15:1)
✔✔Postrenal ARF - ✔✔obstruction - lab values vary
✔✔Dialysis indications - ✔✔serum creatinine exceeds 5-10 mg/dL
Other indications: unresponsive acidosis, electrolyte disorders, fluid overload, or uremic
complications
✔✔Chronic Kidney Disease stages - ✔✔Stage 1: kidney damage with normal GFR
greater than 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 body surface area and persistent albuminuria
Stage 2: kidney damage with mild decrease in GFR 60-89 mL/min/1.73 m2 body
surface area
Stage 3: moderate decrease in GFR 30-59 mL/min/1.73 m2 body surface area
Stage 4: severe decrease in GFR 15-29 mL/min/1.73 m2 body surface area
Stage 5: kidney failure with GFR < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 body surface area
✔✔Nephrotic syndrome - ✔✔Defined as excretion of more than 3.5 g of protein per 1.73
m2 in 24 hours; Manifests with hypoalbuminemia, lipiduria, hypercholesterolemia, and
edema
✔✔Nephrotic syndrome UA - ✔✔Key finding: oval fat body (renal tubular cell that has
reabsorbed some of the excess lipids in the urine); RBC casts, granular casts, hyaline
casts, and fatty casts
✔✔polycystic kidney disease - ✔✔An autosomal dominant. A dominant gene. Slow
progressing Symptoms include frequent UTIs in children, by 50 yrs old, flank pain,
pyuria, hematuria, 4/10 pain. DX include H/P, U/A, C/S, diagnostic imaging. TX include
dialysis, transplant and antibiotics
✔✔Phren's sign - ✔✔Pain associated with epididymitis is relieved somewhat by
elevating the testis. If negative, no relief, it points to testicular torsion
✔✔Testicular torsion tx - ✔✔Surgical detorsion and orchipexy are the definitive
treatment
Emergent surgical intervention on the affected testis must be followed by elective
surgery (orchipexy) on the contralateral testis, which is also at risk of torsion
✔✔Epidymitis organism - ✔✔Men < 35: chlamydia and gonorrhea
Men >35: E. coli
✔✔Epididymitis tx - ✔✔Men <35: Ceftriaxone 250 mg IM + doxycycline 100 mg BID x
10 days
Men >35: Ciprofloxacin 500 mg BID x 10-14 days
Supportive care: bed rest, scrotal elevation, and analgesics
