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APHON TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

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APHON TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

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APHON

How does cancer start? - Answer-with one cell; one genetic mutation



How are cyclins activated? - Answer-When they are bound with a CDK enzyme



What do cyclins do? - Answer-stimulate the cell to go to the next phase



What do CDK inhibitors do? - Answer-prevent damaged cells from replicating



What is apoptosis? - Answer-programmed cell death



What is a natural cell death where the cell blebbs and is removed by phagocytes? - Answer-apoptosis



Do cancer cells have apoptosis? - Answer-no



What is the primary reason multiple chemotherapy agents are used to treat cancer? - Answer-resistance
to single chemotherapy agents can develop



Why do we use multiple chemotherapy agents? - Answer-to overcome drug resistance and give a
broader range of coverage against naturally resistant tumor cells



In the TNM staging system, what does the T stand for? - Answer-primary Tumor size



In the TNM staging system, what does the N stand for? - Answer-presence or absence of lymph Node
involvement

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