Toxicology exam quizzes and
answers graded A+
Hippocrates - ANS✅✅Created the Hippocratic Oath
Paracelsus - ANS✅✅"The dose makes the poison"
Orfilia - ANS✅✅Father of toxicology
Rachel Carson, Silent Spring - ANS✅✅Ran the campaign against DDT and other chlorinated
hydrocarbon Pesticides
Dr. Steve Safe - ANS✅✅VTPP, CVM TAMU
Host factors in toxicology - ANS✅✅1. Size
2. age
3. species
4. level of nutrition
5. pre-existing conditions (disease or genetic)
6. route of exposure
7. previous exposure to toxicant
8. concurrent xenobiotics in body
Single Day exposure - ANS✅✅One exposure
Multiple day exposure - ANS✅✅week, month, or lifetime
routes of exposure - ANS✅✅IV, IM, SUB Q
1. Oral,
2. percutaneous,
3. inhalation,
,4. parenteral)
Other factors in toxicology - ANS✅✅1. Environment (temp, moisture, chemicals)
2. Physical State of toxicant (gas, solid, liquid)
3. chemical properties of toxicant
Xenobiotic - ANS✅✅substance that is foreign to the body
Biologically active
may cause a disease process
may affect organisms ability to biotransform other chemicals
Toxicity - ANS✅✅the quantity of a toxicant, which underspecified conditions, will result in
detrimental changes to an organism.
Unit of toxicity - ANS✅✅mg(μg) of chemical /Kg of body weight
Hazard - ANS✅✅1)The likelihood or chance that a toxicant will produce a disease state under the
conditions of use, or,
2)The likelihood or chance of exposure to a particular toxicant under the conditions of use
Does hazard=toxicity? - ANS✅✅no
Toxicosis - ANS✅✅The disease state which may result from exposure to a toxicant or poison
Medical Toxicologist - ANS✅✅A physician (MD, DO) interested in and knowledge-able of the
properties of toxicants and the treatment of the disease conditions in humans.
Veterinary Toxicologist - ANS✅✅A veterinarian who is an expert in the toxic diseases of animals as
well as extrapolate from animals to humans.
AND is :A diplomate of the American Board of Veterinary Toxicology (ABVT)
,Toxicologist - ANS✅✅A scientist interested in and knowledge-able of some of the properties of
toxicants and mechanisms of actions. The individual may be a Diplomate of the American Board of
Toxicology (ABT)
Regulatory Agencies - ANS✅✅Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA
Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)
US Department of Agriculture (USDA)
Food & Drug Administration - ANS✅✅Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER)
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER)
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN)
Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH)
Center for Tobacco Products (CTP)
Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM)
National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR)
Environmental Protection Agency - ANS✅✅Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances
(OPPTS)
Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP)
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)
Clean Water Act
Clean Air Act
Toxic Substances Control Act
Occupational Safety and Health Administration - ANS✅✅Worker Protection in the Work Place
Occupational Exposure Standards
-Chemicals
-Electromagnetic Radiation
-Temperature, Vibration, Noise
-Biologic hazards
, - bacterial, viral
National Institute for Occupational Health & Safety (NIOSH) part of CDC not OSHA
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) - ANS✅✅Established in 1973
Replaced Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs (BNDD)
-Narcotics
-Exempt narcotics
Schedules I - V (Narcotics & Non-Narcotics)
US Department of Agriculture (USDA) - ANS✅✅Virus-Serum-Toxin Act (VSTA)
Center for Veterinary Biologics
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS)
-Meat Inspection
-Inspections on International Border
Animal Welfare Act (AWA)
Association for Assessment & Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC) - Non-
Governmental Agency
Statutes, Regulations & Guidelines - ANS✅✅Congress passes legislation/Laws
-Authorizing establishment of agencies
-Authorizing the expenditure of funds
President signs the legislation
Agencies develop regulations through a formal rule-making process!! [Notify public via Federal
Register, Period of public comment, Final rule is published. Published in Code of Federal Regulations
(CFRs)]
Statutes, regulations and guidelines - ANS✅✅-a federal judge by the ruling may establish a
regulation
-subject to appeal
-discretionary enforcement
guidelines - ANS✅✅1. establish practices of general applicability
answers graded A+
Hippocrates - ANS✅✅Created the Hippocratic Oath
Paracelsus - ANS✅✅"The dose makes the poison"
Orfilia - ANS✅✅Father of toxicology
Rachel Carson, Silent Spring - ANS✅✅Ran the campaign against DDT and other chlorinated
hydrocarbon Pesticides
Dr. Steve Safe - ANS✅✅VTPP, CVM TAMU
Host factors in toxicology - ANS✅✅1. Size
2. age
3. species
4. level of nutrition
5. pre-existing conditions (disease or genetic)
6. route of exposure
7. previous exposure to toxicant
8. concurrent xenobiotics in body
Single Day exposure - ANS✅✅One exposure
Multiple day exposure - ANS✅✅week, month, or lifetime
routes of exposure - ANS✅✅IV, IM, SUB Q
1. Oral,
2. percutaneous,
3. inhalation,
,4. parenteral)
Other factors in toxicology - ANS✅✅1. Environment (temp, moisture, chemicals)
2. Physical State of toxicant (gas, solid, liquid)
3. chemical properties of toxicant
Xenobiotic - ANS✅✅substance that is foreign to the body
Biologically active
may cause a disease process
may affect organisms ability to biotransform other chemicals
Toxicity - ANS✅✅the quantity of a toxicant, which underspecified conditions, will result in
detrimental changes to an organism.
Unit of toxicity - ANS✅✅mg(μg) of chemical /Kg of body weight
Hazard - ANS✅✅1)The likelihood or chance that a toxicant will produce a disease state under the
conditions of use, or,
2)The likelihood or chance of exposure to a particular toxicant under the conditions of use
Does hazard=toxicity? - ANS✅✅no
Toxicosis - ANS✅✅The disease state which may result from exposure to a toxicant or poison
Medical Toxicologist - ANS✅✅A physician (MD, DO) interested in and knowledge-able of the
properties of toxicants and the treatment of the disease conditions in humans.
Veterinary Toxicologist - ANS✅✅A veterinarian who is an expert in the toxic diseases of animals as
well as extrapolate from animals to humans.
AND is :A diplomate of the American Board of Veterinary Toxicology (ABVT)
,Toxicologist - ANS✅✅A scientist interested in and knowledge-able of some of the properties of
toxicants and mechanisms of actions. The individual may be a Diplomate of the American Board of
Toxicology (ABT)
Regulatory Agencies - ANS✅✅Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA
Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)
US Department of Agriculture (USDA)
Food & Drug Administration - ANS✅✅Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER)
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER)
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN)
Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH)
Center for Tobacco Products (CTP)
Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM)
National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR)
Environmental Protection Agency - ANS✅✅Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances
(OPPTS)
Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP)
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)
Clean Water Act
Clean Air Act
Toxic Substances Control Act
Occupational Safety and Health Administration - ANS✅✅Worker Protection in the Work Place
Occupational Exposure Standards
-Chemicals
-Electromagnetic Radiation
-Temperature, Vibration, Noise
-Biologic hazards
, - bacterial, viral
National Institute for Occupational Health & Safety (NIOSH) part of CDC not OSHA
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) - ANS✅✅Established in 1973
Replaced Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs (BNDD)
-Narcotics
-Exempt narcotics
Schedules I - V (Narcotics & Non-Narcotics)
US Department of Agriculture (USDA) - ANS✅✅Virus-Serum-Toxin Act (VSTA)
Center for Veterinary Biologics
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS)
-Meat Inspection
-Inspections on International Border
Animal Welfare Act (AWA)
Association for Assessment & Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC) - Non-
Governmental Agency
Statutes, Regulations & Guidelines - ANS✅✅Congress passes legislation/Laws
-Authorizing establishment of agencies
-Authorizing the expenditure of funds
President signs the legislation
Agencies develop regulations through a formal rule-making process!! [Notify public via Federal
Register, Period of public comment, Final rule is published. Published in Code of Federal Regulations
(CFRs)]
Statutes, regulations and guidelines - ANS✅✅-a federal judge by the ruling may establish a
regulation
-subject to appeal
-discretionary enforcement
guidelines - ANS✅✅1. establish practices of general applicability
