Toxicology Exam queries and
answers graded A+
Major steps in identifying and understanding toxic agents - ANS✅✅identify area of toxicology
characterize agent and adverse effects
determine exposure characteristics
determine dose-response relationship
identify variation in toxic responses
clinical/lab testing to identify toxic agent
research experiments to study toxicological agents and their effects on molecular and organismal
level
mechanisms of toxicity - ANS✅✅delivery from site of exposure to target
reaction of toxic agent with target molecule
cellular dysfunction and results in toxic effect
repair or dysrepair
area of toxicology that identifies the cell and molecular mechanisms of how chemicals are toxic to
biological systems - ANS✅✅mechanistic toxicology
area of toxicology that identifies how chemicals are harmful to humans and animals -
ANS✅✅forensic toxicology
,area of toxicology that focuses on diseases caused by or associated with toxicological agents -
ANS✅✅clinical toxicology
focuses on environmental toxicological agents that have a harmful effect on biological systems and
studying its effects on the rest of the environment - ANS✅✅environmental toxicology
substance produced by biological system - ANS✅✅toxin
substance produced by human activity - ANS✅✅toxicant
how can a toxic agent react with the target molecule - ANS✅✅covalent and noncovalent binding
loss of hydrogen molecules
electron transfers
enzymatic reactions
what are effects observed when a toxic agent's target molecule affects cell regulation (signaling) -
ANS✅✅dysregulation of gene expression
dysregulation of ongoing cell function
what are effects observed when a toxic agent's target molecule affects cell maintenance -
ANS✅✅impaired internal maintenance
impaired external maintenance
examples of dysregulation of gene expression - ANS✅✅inappropriate cell division, apoptosis,
protein synthesis
examples of dysregulation ongoing cell function - ANS✅✅inappropriate neuromuscular activity
route of exposure for pesticides - ANS✅✅oral-ingestion
dermal- skin contact
inhalation
, examples of impaired internal maintenance - ANS✅✅impaired ATP synthesis
Ca regulation
protein synthesis
micro-tubular function
examples of impaired external maintenance - ANS✅✅impaired hemostasis resulting in bleeding
levels of repair in biological systems - ANS✅✅molecular
cellular
tissue
adaptation
dysrepair in biological systems include - ANS✅✅cell death
tissue damage
organ damage and organ failure
tumor formation
death
any substance used for preventing, destroying, or repelling pests - ANS✅✅pesticide
pesticide used for insects - ANS✅✅insecticide
pesticide used for weeds - ANS✅✅herbicide
pesticide used for fungi and molds - ANS✅✅fungicide
pesticide used for rodents - ANS✅✅rodenticide
who is most at risk of exposure to pesticides as well as the adverse effects produced by exposure -
ANS✅✅those working with them (occupational)
answers graded A+
Major steps in identifying and understanding toxic agents - ANS✅✅identify area of toxicology
characterize agent and adverse effects
determine exposure characteristics
determine dose-response relationship
identify variation in toxic responses
clinical/lab testing to identify toxic agent
research experiments to study toxicological agents and their effects on molecular and organismal
level
mechanisms of toxicity - ANS✅✅delivery from site of exposure to target
reaction of toxic agent with target molecule
cellular dysfunction and results in toxic effect
repair or dysrepair
area of toxicology that identifies the cell and molecular mechanisms of how chemicals are toxic to
biological systems - ANS✅✅mechanistic toxicology
area of toxicology that identifies how chemicals are harmful to humans and animals -
ANS✅✅forensic toxicology
,area of toxicology that focuses on diseases caused by or associated with toxicological agents -
ANS✅✅clinical toxicology
focuses on environmental toxicological agents that have a harmful effect on biological systems and
studying its effects on the rest of the environment - ANS✅✅environmental toxicology
substance produced by biological system - ANS✅✅toxin
substance produced by human activity - ANS✅✅toxicant
how can a toxic agent react with the target molecule - ANS✅✅covalent and noncovalent binding
loss of hydrogen molecules
electron transfers
enzymatic reactions
what are effects observed when a toxic agent's target molecule affects cell regulation (signaling) -
ANS✅✅dysregulation of gene expression
dysregulation of ongoing cell function
what are effects observed when a toxic agent's target molecule affects cell maintenance -
ANS✅✅impaired internal maintenance
impaired external maintenance
examples of dysregulation of gene expression - ANS✅✅inappropriate cell division, apoptosis,
protein synthesis
examples of dysregulation ongoing cell function - ANS✅✅inappropriate neuromuscular activity
route of exposure for pesticides - ANS✅✅oral-ingestion
dermal- skin contact
inhalation
, examples of impaired internal maintenance - ANS✅✅impaired ATP synthesis
Ca regulation
protein synthesis
micro-tubular function
examples of impaired external maintenance - ANS✅✅impaired hemostasis resulting in bleeding
levels of repair in biological systems - ANS✅✅molecular
cellular
tissue
adaptation
dysrepair in biological systems include - ANS✅✅cell death
tissue damage
organ damage and organ failure
tumor formation
death
any substance used for preventing, destroying, or repelling pests - ANS✅✅pesticide
pesticide used for insects - ANS✅✅insecticide
pesticide used for weeds - ANS✅✅herbicide
pesticide used for fungi and molds - ANS✅✅fungicide
pesticide used for rodents - ANS✅✅rodenticide
who is most at risk of exposure to pesticides as well as the adverse effects produced by exposure -
ANS✅✅those working with them (occupational)
