PSYCH 318 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
The belief- adjustment model of Hogarth and Einhorn (1992) describes the process by which impressions
are formed, including - (ANSWER)whether the evidence is processed as it is received or only once after
all of it has been received.
Barry's sister Daria only dates people who wear expensive shoes. Barry advises Daria to change her rule
to the following: only date people who treat you nicely. Barry doesn't know if his suggestion is the best
possible rule, but he thinks it will at least work better than the rule Daria is using right now. Barry's
recommendation is an example of a - (ANSWER)Prescriptive model
When a person judges the likelihood that an outcome will occur without considering the probability that
it will occur, that person is guilty of: - (ANSWER)Base-rate neglect
Working memory is required for _______ processing, but not necessarily for ______ processing. -
(ANSWER)System 2; System 1
Because most murderers are men, Marta has decided to avoid all men. Marta's friend Jessica pointed
out to Marta that her decision to avoid men doesn't make sense, because only a very small percentage
of men are murderers. Nevertheless, Marta said she feels safer avoiding men and therefore will
continue to do so. Marta's reasoning error is a demonstration of: - (ANSWER)Confusion of the Inverse
Ross and Sicoly's (1979) study in which they asked couples to estimate responsibility for things like
making breakfast, washing dishes, or caring for children: - (ANSWER)In most cases the estimates added
to more than 100%
Studies by Epley and Gilovich (2001) have shown that when people are asked to make an estimate but
never provided with an anchor they tend to: - (ANSWER)generate their own anchors from any related
knowledge they have, and adjust from those.
Recall that people in a study were asked to estimate the age at which Gandhi passed away, and were
given either a plausible anchor (e.g., 64 or 79) or an implausible anchor (e.g., 9 or 140). In making this
estimate the people in the study tended to be influenced by: - (ANSWER)Both the plausible and the
implausible anchor
It could have happened in between either of them.
, PSYCH 318 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
In Asch's (1946) seminal study of personality traits, he presented people with a list of someone's traits in
either one order or the reverse of the order. He found that people: - (ANSWER)formed impressions of
that person that was heavily influenced by the way the first set of traits were mentioned.
When we base judgments about another person on the representativeness heuristic, we are essentially
relying on - (ANSWER)stereotypes
Recall that Tversky and Kahneman (1973) showed students five consonants (K, L, N, R, V), and asked
them to judge whether each appeared more frequently as the first or third letter in a word. They found
that the majority of students judged - (ANSWER)The majority of the consonants to appear more
frequently as the first letter than the third, even though this was not the case.
Decision theory was born in the 1940s in the field of: - (ANSWER)Economics
Departures from optimal decision making are best explained by - (ANSWER)The concept of bounded
rationality
If it takes 10 cows 10 days to produce 10 barrels of milk, how long would it take 100 cows to make 100
barrels? - (ANSWER)10 Days
The availability heuristic and representativeness heuristic are employed in order to: - (ANSWER)Estimate
the probability under conditions of uncertainty
When we carry out attribute substitution, we are - (ANSWER)answering the difficult question by
answering the easier one instead.
In Tversky and Kahneman's (1973) classic study of famous and non famous names, people who saw a list
containing equal numbers of famous women names and non famous men's names, or a list containing
equal numbers of men's names and non famous women's names - (ANSWER)Estimated that there were
more members of one gender on the list when the gender was famous (specifically males)
The belief- adjustment model of Hogarth and Einhorn (1992) describes the process by which impressions
are formed, including - (ANSWER)whether the evidence is processed as it is received or only once after
all of it has been received.
Barry's sister Daria only dates people who wear expensive shoes. Barry advises Daria to change her rule
to the following: only date people who treat you nicely. Barry doesn't know if his suggestion is the best
possible rule, but he thinks it will at least work better than the rule Daria is using right now. Barry's
recommendation is an example of a - (ANSWER)Prescriptive model
When a person judges the likelihood that an outcome will occur without considering the probability that
it will occur, that person is guilty of: - (ANSWER)Base-rate neglect
Working memory is required for _______ processing, but not necessarily for ______ processing. -
(ANSWER)System 2; System 1
Because most murderers are men, Marta has decided to avoid all men. Marta's friend Jessica pointed
out to Marta that her decision to avoid men doesn't make sense, because only a very small percentage
of men are murderers. Nevertheless, Marta said she feels safer avoiding men and therefore will
continue to do so. Marta's reasoning error is a demonstration of: - (ANSWER)Confusion of the Inverse
Ross and Sicoly's (1979) study in which they asked couples to estimate responsibility for things like
making breakfast, washing dishes, or caring for children: - (ANSWER)In most cases the estimates added
to more than 100%
Studies by Epley and Gilovich (2001) have shown that when people are asked to make an estimate but
never provided with an anchor they tend to: - (ANSWER)generate their own anchors from any related
knowledge they have, and adjust from those.
Recall that people in a study were asked to estimate the age at which Gandhi passed away, and were
given either a plausible anchor (e.g., 64 or 79) or an implausible anchor (e.g., 9 or 140). In making this
estimate the people in the study tended to be influenced by: - (ANSWER)Both the plausible and the
implausible anchor
It could have happened in between either of them.
, PSYCH 318 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
In Asch's (1946) seminal study of personality traits, he presented people with a list of someone's traits in
either one order or the reverse of the order. He found that people: - (ANSWER)formed impressions of
that person that was heavily influenced by the way the first set of traits were mentioned.
When we base judgments about another person on the representativeness heuristic, we are essentially
relying on - (ANSWER)stereotypes
Recall that Tversky and Kahneman (1973) showed students five consonants (K, L, N, R, V), and asked
them to judge whether each appeared more frequently as the first or third letter in a word. They found
that the majority of students judged - (ANSWER)The majority of the consonants to appear more
frequently as the first letter than the third, even though this was not the case.
Decision theory was born in the 1940s in the field of: - (ANSWER)Economics
Departures from optimal decision making are best explained by - (ANSWER)The concept of bounded
rationality
If it takes 10 cows 10 days to produce 10 barrels of milk, how long would it take 100 cows to make 100
barrels? - (ANSWER)10 Days
The availability heuristic and representativeness heuristic are employed in order to: - (ANSWER)Estimate
the probability under conditions of uncertainty
When we carry out attribute substitution, we are - (ANSWER)answering the difficult question by
answering the easier one instead.
In Tversky and Kahneman's (1973) classic study of famous and non famous names, people who saw a list
containing equal numbers of famous women names and non famous men's names, or a list containing
equal numbers of men's names and non famous women's names - (ANSWER)Estimated that there were
more members of one gender on the list when the gender was famous (specifically males)
