PSYCH 318 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Descriptive Models - (ANSWER)What people actually do when they make decisions
Normative Models - (ANSWER)Ideal processes for making accurate social inferences
Prescriptive Models - (ANSWER)How we "ought" to make decisions
Behaviorism - (ANSWER)Behavior guided by reward contingencies in environment
Psychoanalytic Theory - (ANSWER)Behavior guided by unconscious needs and desires
Cognitive Illusions - (ANSWER)Systematic way people make errors in subjective judgement
Hueristics - (ANSWER)Mental rules of thumb that subjects develop to help make sense of the world
around them
Dual-process model - (ANSWER)A broad group of theories that suggests judgements and decisions are
generally carried out via 2 distinct mental processes
System 1 thinking - (ANSWER)Automatic, fast, little or no effort, no sense of voluntary control
System 2 thinking - (ANSWER)Reflective thinking that is slow, deliberate, and conscious. Often less
charged with emotions.
Computational capacity - (ANSWER)There is a limited amount of information we can process at a time
Rule based - (ANSWER)Relying on either logical rules, the rules of the social or natural world, or
computer algorithms that minds might use to compute decisions or judgements
Availability - (ANSWER)Memory traces existing in the mind
, PSYCH 318 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Accessibility - (ANSWER)How easily one can retrieve these memory traces to conscious awareness
Relative frequency of occurance judgement - (ANSWER)Your job is to estimate how often an event or
item occurs relative to another event or item
Availability by number hypothesis - (ANSWER)We gauge how many examples we are able to recall
before making a frequency judgement
Availability by speed hypotheses - (ANSWER)We gauge how easy or quickly we are able to recall
examples
Letter class hypothesis - (ANSWER)People might judge how likely a letter is to appear in the first vs
subsequent position in a word
Regressed frequencies hypothesis - (ANSWER)Suggested that people do keep track of the frequencies
where letters occur in words
Availability heuristic - (ANSWER)Estimating the probabilities of events based on how easily you can bring
examples of those events to mind
Representativeness heuristic - (ANSWER)An event A is judged more probable than an event B whenever
A appears more representative than B
The law of small numbers - (ANSWER)The tendency to think that small random samples should look
representative of the population
Base rates - (ANSWER)Refer to the relative frequencies with which certain states or conditions occur in a
population
Descriptive Models - (ANSWER)What people actually do when they make decisions
Normative Models - (ANSWER)Ideal processes for making accurate social inferences
Prescriptive Models - (ANSWER)How we "ought" to make decisions
Behaviorism - (ANSWER)Behavior guided by reward contingencies in environment
Psychoanalytic Theory - (ANSWER)Behavior guided by unconscious needs and desires
Cognitive Illusions - (ANSWER)Systematic way people make errors in subjective judgement
Hueristics - (ANSWER)Mental rules of thumb that subjects develop to help make sense of the world
around them
Dual-process model - (ANSWER)A broad group of theories that suggests judgements and decisions are
generally carried out via 2 distinct mental processes
System 1 thinking - (ANSWER)Automatic, fast, little or no effort, no sense of voluntary control
System 2 thinking - (ANSWER)Reflective thinking that is slow, deliberate, and conscious. Often less
charged with emotions.
Computational capacity - (ANSWER)There is a limited amount of information we can process at a time
Rule based - (ANSWER)Relying on either logical rules, the rules of the social or natural world, or
computer algorithms that minds might use to compute decisions or judgements
Availability - (ANSWER)Memory traces existing in the mind
, PSYCH 318 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Accessibility - (ANSWER)How easily one can retrieve these memory traces to conscious awareness
Relative frequency of occurance judgement - (ANSWER)Your job is to estimate how often an event or
item occurs relative to another event or item
Availability by number hypothesis - (ANSWER)We gauge how many examples we are able to recall
before making a frequency judgement
Availability by speed hypotheses - (ANSWER)We gauge how easy or quickly we are able to recall
examples
Letter class hypothesis - (ANSWER)People might judge how likely a letter is to appear in the first vs
subsequent position in a word
Regressed frequencies hypothesis - (ANSWER)Suggested that people do keep track of the frequencies
where letters occur in words
Availability heuristic - (ANSWER)Estimating the probabilities of events based on how easily you can bring
examples of those events to mind
Representativeness heuristic - (ANSWER)An event A is judged more probable than an event B whenever
A appears more representative than B
The law of small numbers - (ANSWER)The tendency to think that small random samples should look
representative of the population
Base rates - (ANSWER)Refer to the relative frequencies with which certain states or conditions occur in a
population
