PSYC 318 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
procedural memory - Answer -A friend asks you how to make sushi. You can tell him
what the word "sushi" means and when you made it last, but you can't remember at all
how to make it. This is a failure of
large, short - Answer -Sensory memory has a ________ capacity for information.
Sensory memory holds information for a ________ amount of time.
above average - Answer -As tested by a psychologist, the capacity of Jerry's short-term
store for a wide range of items appears to be 11 items. Jerry's short-term memory
capacity is
The central executive and long-term memory - Answer -The episodic buffer directly
connects to which two components in Baddeley's model of memory?
recognition - Answer -This multiple-choice question is an example of which explicit
memory measure?
retroactive - Answer -__________ interference occurs when recently learned material
interferes with the retrieval of older, previously learned material.
Encoding - Answer -Dominic sees a girl in his cognitive psychology class that he
remembers from a previous class last semester. Feeling confident, he sits next to her
and says "Hi, Sarah!". She frowns and tells him that her name is Samantha, not Sarah,
and that they've already met several times. Dominic has encountered a problem with
the _______ stage of memory.
they are designed to measure memory without intentional retrieval. - Answer -Implicit
memory tasks differ from recall and recognition tasks because
prospective memory - Answer -As you are about to sit down and take a test, you realize
that you haven't submitted a homework assignment that is due at the end of the day.
You tell yourself that you will remember to submit it after you are done with the test.
This scenario will test your
short-term memory - Answer -In which stage of memory does the rehearsal process
take place?
the memory has strong emotional content. - Answer -An episodic memory may be
considered a flashbulb memory if
False - Answer -True or False? Chunking can be used to increase both the capacity
and duration of short-term memory.
,the higher the probability that the information will be retrieved. - Answer -According to
the levels-of-processing framework, the deeper the level of processing of information,
study material from different chapters/topics in the same study session. - Answer -To
optimize the testing effect, you should
Katie should perform better because of the spacing effect. - Answer -Katie and Inez are
roommates taking the same psychology class. They have a test in four days during a
10:00 - 11:00 AM class period. Both women intend to study for three hours, but because
of different work schedules, Katie will study one hour for each of the next three days,
while Inez will study three hours the day before the exam. What could you predict about
their performances?
the type of encoding task matches the type of retrieval task. - Answer -Transfer-
appropriate processing is likely to occur if
method of loci - Answer -If you are imagining taking a walk around an area with
distinctive landmarks, matching up a landmark with a specific item you need to
remember, you are using the ___________ technique.
decreases the recency effect. - Answer -When investigating the serial position curve,
delaying the memory test for 30 seconds
After reading a section, try and recall what you just read without looking at the book. -
Answer -How could you utilize the testing effect in order to best remember material from
the textbook?
he encoding specificity principle. - Answer -Mood-dependent effects and environmental
context effects best demonstrate
Finding rhymes for your vocab words, so that you can recall them easier. - Answer -
According to what you've learned from the textbook, which of the following is NOT a
technique that will improve retrieval from long-term memory?
False - Answer -At first, memories are stored in the cortical areas of the brain. Then,
through the process of consolidation, memories are strengthened and permanently
stored in a brain structure called the hippocampus.
recency - Answer -After being given directions to get to the park, Galvin can remember
only the last part of where he is to turn. This illustrates the _____ effect.
False - Answer -Some people are able to maintain superior autobiographical (or
photographic) memories through mnemonic memorization techniques.
constructive nature of memory. - Answer -Bartlett's experiment in which English
participants were asked to recall a Native American folk story illustrated the
, after the event. - Answer -The misinformation effect occurs when a person's memory
for an event is modified by misleading information presented
Police allow witnesses to talk with a minimum of interruption from the officer. - Answer -
Which of the following statements is true of the cognitive interview technique?
Schema - Answer -Your friend has been sick for several days, so you go over to her
home to make her some chicken soup. Searching for a spoon, you first reach in a top
drawer beside the dishwasher. Then, you turn to the big cupboard beside the stove to
search for a pan. In your search, you have relied on a kitchen
it is easy to create false memories. - Answer -Roediger and McDermott have shown
that
remembering events that happened before her brain injury - Answer -Suppose that you
hear about a woman who has retrograde amnesia. What kind of memory task will she
find most difficult?
Areas of the brain that are responsible for long-term storage of memories are not yet
fully developed at that age. - Answer -What is one explanation that your textbook gives
on the reason for amnesia in childhood?
blocking - Answer -You are watching a movie and recognize the main actress from
several other movies you've seen recently. You feel like you can almost remember her
name, but it is just escaping you. This is an example of the ______ memory sin.
False memories - Answer -Fuzzy trace theory is most closely related to the study of
False - Answer -People who develop anterograde amnesia can never develop new
memories.
Aerobic exercise and cognitive tasks (e.g. memory training). - Answer -Alzheimer's
disease can cause progressive amnesia by the disruption and deterioration of
communication between neurons. What are some things that research suggests may
help prevent this disease?
suggestibility - Answer -Loftus and Palmer (1974) conducted a study in which they
asked participants to estimate the speed of two cars involved in an accident. They found
that the wording of the question (e.g. using "smashed" versus "contacted") influnced the
speed that the participants estimated. This study demonstrates the memory sin of
_______.
make predictions about what will occur in the future. - Answer -In problems solving, one
of the main reasons that mental imagery is so useful is because it allows us to
procedural memory - Answer -A friend asks you how to make sushi. You can tell him
what the word "sushi" means and when you made it last, but you can't remember at all
how to make it. This is a failure of
large, short - Answer -Sensory memory has a ________ capacity for information.
Sensory memory holds information for a ________ amount of time.
above average - Answer -As tested by a psychologist, the capacity of Jerry's short-term
store for a wide range of items appears to be 11 items. Jerry's short-term memory
capacity is
The central executive and long-term memory - Answer -The episodic buffer directly
connects to which two components in Baddeley's model of memory?
recognition - Answer -This multiple-choice question is an example of which explicit
memory measure?
retroactive - Answer -__________ interference occurs when recently learned material
interferes with the retrieval of older, previously learned material.
Encoding - Answer -Dominic sees a girl in his cognitive psychology class that he
remembers from a previous class last semester. Feeling confident, he sits next to her
and says "Hi, Sarah!". She frowns and tells him that her name is Samantha, not Sarah,
and that they've already met several times. Dominic has encountered a problem with
the _______ stage of memory.
they are designed to measure memory without intentional retrieval. - Answer -Implicit
memory tasks differ from recall and recognition tasks because
prospective memory - Answer -As you are about to sit down and take a test, you realize
that you haven't submitted a homework assignment that is due at the end of the day.
You tell yourself that you will remember to submit it after you are done with the test.
This scenario will test your
short-term memory - Answer -In which stage of memory does the rehearsal process
take place?
the memory has strong emotional content. - Answer -An episodic memory may be
considered a flashbulb memory if
False - Answer -True or False? Chunking can be used to increase both the capacity
and duration of short-term memory.
,the higher the probability that the information will be retrieved. - Answer -According to
the levels-of-processing framework, the deeper the level of processing of information,
study material from different chapters/topics in the same study session. - Answer -To
optimize the testing effect, you should
Katie should perform better because of the spacing effect. - Answer -Katie and Inez are
roommates taking the same psychology class. They have a test in four days during a
10:00 - 11:00 AM class period. Both women intend to study for three hours, but because
of different work schedules, Katie will study one hour for each of the next three days,
while Inez will study three hours the day before the exam. What could you predict about
their performances?
the type of encoding task matches the type of retrieval task. - Answer -Transfer-
appropriate processing is likely to occur if
method of loci - Answer -If you are imagining taking a walk around an area with
distinctive landmarks, matching up a landmark with a specific item you need to
remember, you are using the ___________ technique.
decreases the recency effect. - Answer -When investigating the serial position curve,
delaying the memory test for 30 seconds
After reading a section, try and recall what you just read without looking at the book. -
Answer -How could you utilize the testing effect in order to best remember material from
the textbook?
he encoding specificity principle. - Answer -Mood-dependent effects and environmental
context effects best demonstrate
Finding rhymes for your vocab words, so that you can recall them easier. - Answer -
According to what you've learned from the textbook, which of the following is NOT a
technique that will improve retrieval from long-term memory?
False - Answer -At first, memories are stored in the cortical areas of the brain. Then,
through the process of consolidation, memories are strengthened and permanently
stored in a brain structure called the hippocampus.
recency - Answer -After being given directions to get to the park, Galvin can remember
only the last part of where he is to turn. This illustrates the _____ effect.
False - Answer -Some people are able to maintain superior autobiographical (or
photographic) memories through mnemonic memorization techniques.
constructive nature of memory. - Answer -Bartlett's experiment in which English
participants were asked to recall a Native American folk story illustrated the
, after the event. - Answer -The misinformation effect occurs when a person's memory
for an event is modified by misleading information presented
Police allow witnesses to talk with a minimum of interruption from the officer. - Answer -
Which of the following statements is true of the cognitive interview technique?
Schema - Answer -Your friend has been sick for several days, so you go over to her
home to make her some chicken soup. Searching for a spoon, you first reach in a top
drawer beside the dishwasher. Then, you turn to the big cupboard beside the stove to
search for a pan. In your search, you have relied on a kitchen
it is easy to create false memories. - Answer -Roediger and McDermott have shown
that
remembering events that happened before her brain injury - Answer -Suppose that you
hear about a woman who has retrograde amnesia. What kind of memory task will she
find most difficult?
Areas of the brain that are responsible for long-term storage of memories are not yet
fully developed at that age. - Answer -What is one explanation that your textbook gives
on the reason for amnesia in childhood?
blocking - Answer -You are watching a movie and recognize the main actress from
several other movies you've seen recently. You feel like you can almost remember her
name, but it is just escaping you. This is an example of the ______ memory sin.
False memories - Answer -Fuzzy trace theory is most closely related to the study of
False - Answer -People who develop anterograde amnesia can never develop new
memories.
Aerobic exercise and cognitive tasks (e.g. memory training). - Answer -Alzheimer's
disease can cause progressive amnesia by the disruption and deterioration of
communication between neurons. What are some things that research suggests may
help prevent this disease?
suggestibility - Answer -Loftus and Palmer (1974) conducted a study in which they
asked participants to estimate the speed of two cars involved in an accident. They found
that the wording of the question (e.g. using "smashed" versus "contacted") influnced the
speed that the participants estimated. This study demonstrates the memory sin of
_______.
make predictions about what will occur in the future. - Answer -In problems solving, one
of the main reasons that mental imagery is so useful is because it allows us to
