Anatomy and Physiology 1: Exam 2 Questions
and Answers
Epithelia - characteristics, functions, - ✅✅one of the four basic types of animal tissue. The other three
types are connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue. Epithelial tissues line the cavities and
surfaces of blood vessels and organs throughout the body.
epithelial classes - squamous, etc. - ✅✅1) simple squamous
2) simple cuboidal
3) simple columnar
4) pseudostratified.
modes of secretion - ✅✅Merocrine - expelled by exocytosis, only secretory product is lost, cell
remains intact
Apocrine - secreted my membrane vesicles, secretory product and some membrane lost
Holocrine - secretory product releases as cell breaks open, entire cell lost
connective tissue
a. classification
b. fibers
c. categories - ✅✅1)Connective Tissue Proper
Loose Fibroelastic Connective Tissue
Dense Fibroelastic Connective Tissue
-Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
-Dense Regular Connective Tissue
2)Special Connective Tissue
Reticular Connective Tissue
Elastic Connective Tissue
Adipose Connective Tissue
, Fibers of Connective Tissue include:
(1) collagen fibers, (2) reticular fibers, and (3) elastic fibers. The most prevalent protein in the body is
collagen.
cartilage types - ✅✅The three types of cartilage are elastic, hyaline, and fibrocartilage. Elastic
cartilage has the greatest number of chondrocytes, so it bends the most. Hyaline cartilage comes next,
followed by fibrocartilage.
bone - ✅✅any of the pieces of hard, whitish tissue making up the skeleton in humans and other
vertebrates
4- membrane types, characteristics, examples - ✅✅Cutaneous-skin, covers whole body composed of
squamous ex: EPITHELIAL cells
mucous-columnar EPITHELIAL Cells
produces mucous which protects tissue
Line cavities that open to the outside
Serous- produces serous fluid which protects tissue, med of EPITHELIAL cells supported by conn. tissue,
line internal cavities of the body that are NOT open.
synovial- produces synovial fluid, fluid reduces abrasion line the joints
fasciae - ✅✅a band or sheet of connective tissue, primarily collagen, beneath the skin that attaches,
stabilizes, encloses, and separates muscles and other internal organs.
muscle tissue - types, classification, examples - ✅✅The 3 types of muscle tissue are cardiac, smooth,
and skeletal. Cardiac muscle cells are located in the walls of the heart, appear striated, and are under
involuntary control. Smooth muscle fibers are located in walls of hollow visceral organs, except the
heart, appear spindle-shaped, and are also under involuntary control. Skeletal muscle fibers occur in
muscles which are attached to the skeleton. They are striated in appearance and are under voluntary
control.
and Answers
Epithelia - characteristics, functions, - ✅✅one of the four basic types of animal tissue. The other three
types are connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue. Epithelial tissues line the cavities and
surfaces of blood vessels and organs throughout the body.
epithelial classes - squamous, etc. - ✅✅1) simple squamous
2) simple cuboidal
3) simple columnar
4) pseudostratified.
modes of secretion - ✅✅Merocrine - expelled by exocytosis, only secretory product is lost, cell
remains intact
Apocrine - secreted my membrane vesicles, secretory product and some membrane lost
Holocrine - secretory product releases as cell breaks open, entire cell lost
connective tissue
a. classification
b. fibers
c. categories - ✅✅1)Connective Tissue Proper
Loose Fibroelastic Connective Tissue
Dense Fibroelastic Connective Tissue
-Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
-Dense Regular Connective Tissue
2)Special Connective Tissue
Reticular Connective Tissue
Elastic Connective Tissue
Adipose Connective Tissue
, Fibers of Connective Tissue include:
(1) collagen fibers, (2) reticular fibers, and (3) elastic fibers. The most prevalent protein in the body is
collagen.
cartilage types - ✅✅The three types of cartilage are elastic, hyaline, and fibrocartilage. Elastic
cartilage has the greatest number of chondrocytes, so it bends the most. Hyaline cartilage comes next,
followed by fibrocartilage.
bone - ✅✅any of the pieces of hard, whitish tissue making up the skeleton in humans and other
vertebrates
4- membrane types, characteristics, examples - ✅✅Cutaneous-skin, covers whole body composed of
squamous ex: EPITHELIAL cells
mucous-columnar EPITHELIAL Cells
produces mucous which protects tissue
Line cavities that open to the outside
Serous- produces serous fluid which protects tissue, med of EPITHELIAL cells supported by conn. tissue,
line internal cavities of the body that are NOT open.
synovial- produces synovial fluid, fluid reduces abrasion line the joints
fasciae - ✅✅a band or sheet of connective tissue, primarily collagen, beneath the skin that attaches,
stabilizes, encloses, and separates muscles and other internal organs.
muscle tissue - types, classification, examples - ✅✅The 3 types of muscle tissue are cardiac, smooth,
and skeletal. Cardiac muscle cells are located in the walls of the heart, appear striated, and are under
involuntary control. Smooth muscle fibers are located in walls of hollow visceral organs, except the
heart, appear spindle-shaped, and are also under involuntary control. Skeletal muscle fibers occur in
muscles which are attached to the skeleton. They are striated in appearance and are under voluntary
control.
