GLPH171
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hv8233
1. Health (WHO Definition 1946): A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity
2. Health (Frankish et. al 1996): The capacity of people to adapt to, respond to, or control life's challenges
and changes
"Functional Definition"
3. Disease: The biological or physical malady affecting the body
4. Sickness: Social acknowledgement of impairment of affliction
5. Illness: Perception of dysfunction by an afflicting individual
6. The Relationships: Disease Without Ilness: Hypertension
- HBP can lead to heart attack but patient does not feel ill and does not seek care
7. The Relationships: Ilness without Disease: Hypochondriac (anxiety)
Feeling of being ill, but nothing wrong despite extensive medical testing
8. The Relationships: Ilness without Sickness: Headache
Feeling of being ill, requires doctor's note for absense
9. Health and Disease: - Not necessarily opposites
Disease (Yes)
Healthy well managed type 1 diabetic
Unhealthy late stage cancer
Healthy vibrant neighbour
Unhealthy overworked teacher
Disease (No)
10. Factors that cause disease: 1. germs
2. genetics
3. lifestyle
4. multifactorial disease (epigenetics, environmental)
, GLPH171
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11. Factors that cause disease: germs: - prominent in the 19th century
1. Kach
- germs are in diseased individuals and are absent in the rest, they can be isolated/cultured, germs cause disease in
healthy hosts, and germs can be re-isolated from newly diseased (ignores social context + genetic origins)
2. Lister
- sepsis (infection) caused by pollen-like dust containing surgical wounds, antiseptics (carboxylic acid) should prevent
wound infections (surgical mortality 45%->15%)
3. Pasteur
- first pastuated germ theory of disease, principals on microbial fermentation + sterilization, described heat treatment
of milk/wine "pasteurization"
12. Factors that cause disease: genetics: - interplay between genetics and environment
1. emphasizes hereditary vulnerability
2. focuses on individual, not society
13. Factors that cause disease: lifestyle: - behaviourally-driven
- smoking, alcohol, fatty foods
- emphasizes individual behaviour change
14. Factors that cause disease: multifactorial disease (epigenetics, environmen-
tal): - epigenetics: specific gene ‘risk of a disease (ex. BRCA and breast cancer
- not completely deterministic
- environmental trigger needed
- necessary, but not sufficient
15. Well-being and wellness: Well-being: broader concept, encompasses many areas of life
- ex. learning, financial security, social participation, work, family life, leisure, environ, security, housing
- state of feeling well (not ill or sick)
- not generally a synonym of being "healthy"
16. Population Health: - health can be understood at the population level; groups with shared characteristics
- health outcomes of a group of individuals, including the distribution of such outcomes within the group
- studies health outcomes, patterns of health determinants, and policies that link these two
, GLPH171
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hv8233
17. Epidemiology: the study of the distribution and determinants of disease in populations
- Distribution: descriptive epidemiology focus, how specific outcomes are patterned in a population, essential for
etiology (origins) of disease
- Determinants: analytical epidemiology focus, anything that influences the health of an individual and the distribution
of health states in a population
18. Population Health: Fundamental Assumptions: - diseases distribute non-randomly in a
population in relation to the factors that determine health
- factors can be identified by studying distributions of health outcomes in a population
19. Public Health Agency of Canada: - Population health is an approach to health that aims to improve
the health of the entire population and to reduce health inequities among population groups
- approach recognizes that health is a capacity or resource rather than a state
20. Determinants of Health: - broad, yet interconnected
- WHO: "the range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors which determine individual and population
health status"
- Broad Categories
1. Individual (genetic makeup, sex, age)
2. Physical environment (water, sanitation, pollution)
3. Employment and working conditions
4. Access to Health Services
5. Healthy behaviours and coping skills
6. Healthy child development
7. Social environment (SES, education, culture)
21. Modelling Determinants of Health: Dahlgren & Whitehead Model
1. Age, sex, and constituional factors
2. Individual lifestyle choices
- health behaviours, possibly family influenced
3. Social and community networks
- social supports, culture, and freedom of expression
4. Living and work conditions
- environments, water, food, sanitation
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hv8233
1. Health (WHO Definition 1946): A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity
2. Health (Frankish et. al 1996): The capacity of people to adapt to, respond to, or control life's challenges
and changes
"Functional Definition"
3. Disease: The biological or physical malady affecting the body
4. Sickness: Social acknowledgement of impairment of affliction
5. Illness: Perception of dysfunction by an afflicting individual
6. The Relationships: Disease Without Ilness: Hypertension
- HBP can lead to heart attack but patient does not feel ill and does not seek care
7. The Relationships: Ilness without Disease: Hypochondriac (anxiety)
Feeling of being ill, but nothing wrong despite extensive medical testing
8. The Relationships: Ilness without Sickness: Headache
Feeling of being ill, requires doctor's note for absense
9. Health and Disease: - Not necessarily opposites
Disease (Yes)
Healthy well managed type 1 diabetic
Unhealthy late stage cancer
Healthy vibrant neighbour
Unhealthy overworked teacher
Disease (No)
10. Factors that cause disease: 1. germs
2. genetics
3. lifestyle
4. multifactorial disease (epigenetics, environmental)
, GLPH171
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hv8233
11. Factors that cause disease: germs: - prominent in the 19th century
1. Kach
- germs are in diseased individuals and are absent in the rest, they can be isolated/cultured, germs cause disease in
healthy hosts, and germs can be re-isolated from newly diseased (ignores social context + genetic origins)
2. Lister
- sepsis (infection) caused by pollen-like dust containing surgical wounds, antiseptics (carboxylic acid) should prevent
wound infections (surgical mortality 45%->15%)
3. Pasteur
- first pastuated germ theory of disease, principals on microbial fermentation + sterilization, described heat treatment
of milk/wine "pasteurization"
12. Factors that cause disease: genetics: - interplay between genetics and environment
1. emphasizes hereditary vulnerability
2. focuses on individual, not society
13. Factors that cause disease: lifestyle: - behaviourally-driven
- smoking, alcohol, fatty foods
- emphasizes individual behaviour change
14. Factors that cause disease: multifactorial disease (epigenetics, environmen-
tal): - epigenetics: specific gene ‘risk of a disease (ex. BRCA and breast cancer
- not completely deterministic
- environmental trigger needed
- necessary, but not sufficient
15. Well-being and wellness: Well-being: broader concept, encompasses many areas of life
- ex. learning, financial security, social participation, work, family life, leisure, environ, security, housing
- state of feeling well (not ill or sick)
- not generally a synonym of being "healthy"
16. Population Health: - health can be understood at the population level; groups with shared characteristics
- health outcomes of a group of individuals, including the distribution of such outcomes within the group
- studies health outcomes, patterns of health determinants, and policies that link these two
, GLPH171
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hv8233
17. Epidemiology: the study of the distribution and determinants of disease in populations
- Distribution: descriptive epidemiology focus, how specific outcomes are patterned in a population, essential for
etiology (origins) of disease
- Determinants: analytical epidemiology focus, anything that influences the health of an individual and the distribution
of health states in a population
18. Population Health: Fundamental Assumptions: - diseases distribute non-randomly in a
population in relation to the factors that determine health
- factors can be identified by studying distributions of health outcomes in a population
19. Public Health Agency of Canada: - Population health is an approach to health that aims to improve
the health of the entire population and to reduce health inequities among population groups
- approach recognizes that health is a capacity or resource rather than a state
20. Determinants of Health: - broad, yet interconnected
- WHO: "the range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors which determine individual and population
health status"
- Broad Categories
1. Individual (genetic makeup, sex, age)
2. Physical environment (water, sanitation, pollution)
3. Employment and working conditions
4. Access to Health Services
5. Healthy behaviours and coping skills
6. Healthy child development
7. Social environment (SES, education, culture)
21. Modelling Determinants of Health: Dahlgren & Whitehead Model
1. Age, sex, and constituional factors
2. Individual lifestyle choices
- health behaviours, possibly family influenced
3. Social and community networks
- social supports, culture, and freedom of expression
4. Living and work conditions
- environments, water, food, sanitation
