NFSC100 EXAM 1 UPDATED QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS.
Q: What is nutrition? - ANS A: The science of foods, the nutrients they contain, and their
actions in the human body.
Q: What are the steps of the scientific method?A - ANS : Observation → Hypothesis →
Experiment → Results → Support/Refute → Theory/new questions.
Q: What are the main types of study designs in nutrition? - ANS A: Case study,
epidemiological, laboratory, human intervention (clinical), systematic review/meta-analysis.
Q: Which study design is considered the "gold standard" for cause and effect? - ANS A:
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Q: Which type of evidence is strongest for making public recommendations? - ANS A:
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of clinical trials.
Q: Which food groups are underconsumed in the U.S. diet? - ANS A: Vegetables, fruits, whole
grains, dairy.
Q: Which food groups are overconsumed in the U.S. diet? - ANS A: Refined grains, added
sugars, saturated fats, sodium.
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, Q: Define DRI. - ANS A: Dietary Reference Intake - umbrella term for nutrient intake
standards.
Q: Define RDA. - ANS A: Recommended Dietary Allowance - average daily intake to meet
needs of 97-98% of healthy people.
Q: Define AI. - ANS A: Adequate Intake - used when not enough data for an RDA, based on
observed intakes.
Q: Define UL. - ANS A: Tolerable Upper Intake Level - highest intake unlikely to cause harm.
Q: Define CDRR. - ANS A: Chronic Disease Risk Reduction intake - amount shown to reduce
chronic disease risk.
Q: Define AMDR. - ANS A: Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range - % of calories from
each macronutrient associated with good health.
Q: What is the AMDR for carbs, protein, and fat? - ANS A: Carbs: 45-65% | Protein: 10-35% |
Fat: 20-35%.
Q: What are the 4 key recommendations of the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines? - ANS A: (1)
Healthy dietary pattern at all stages of life, (2) Customize to culture/preferences/budget, (3)
Focus on nutrient-dense foods, (4) Limit added sugars, sodium, saturated fat, alcohol.
Q: What is MyPlate? - ANS A: A visual guide to healthy eating: ½ fruits & veggies, ¼ grains (½
whole), ¼ protein, plus dairy.
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
AND CORRECT ANSWERS.
Q: What is nutrition? - ANS A: The science of foods, the nutrients they contain, and their
actions in the human body.
Q: What are the steps of the scientific method?A - ANS : Observation → Hypothesis →
Experiment → Results → Support/Refute → Theory/new questions.
Q: What are the main types of study designs in nutrition? - ANS A: Case study,
epidemiological, laboratory, human intervention (clinical), systematic review/meta-analysis.
Q: Which study design is considered the "gold standard" for cause and effect? - ANS A:
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Q: Which type of evidence is strongest for making public recommendations? - ANS A:
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of clinical trials.
Q: Which food groups are underconsumed in the U.S. diet? - ANS A: Vegetables, fruits, whole
grains, dairy.
Q: Which food groups are overconsumed in the U.S. diet? - ANS A: Refined grains, added
sugars, saturated fats, sodium.
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, Q: Define DRI. - ANS A: Dietary Reference Intake - umbrella term for nutrient intake
standards.
Q: Define RDA. - ANS A: Recommended Dietary Allowance - average daily intake to meet
needs of 97-98% of healthy people.
Q: Define AI. - ANS A: Adequate Intake - used when not enough data for an RDA, based on
observed intakes.
Q: Define UL. - ANS A: Tolerable Upper Intake Level - highest intake unlikely to cause harm.
Q: Define CDRR. - ANS A: Chronic Disease Risk Reduction intake - amount shown to reduce
chronic disease risk.
Q: Define AMDR. - ANS A: Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range - % of calories from
each macronutrient associated with good health.
Q: What is the AMDR for carbs, protein, and fat? - ANS A: Carbs: 45-65% | Protein: 10-35% |
Fat: 20-35%.
Q: What are the 4 key recommendations of the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines? - ANS A: (1)
Healthy dietary pattern at all stages of life, (2) Customize to culture/preferences/budget, (3)
Focus on nutrient-dense foods, (4) Limit added sugars, sodium, saturated fat, alcohol.
Q: What is MyPlate? - ANS A: A visual guide to healthy eating: ½ fruits & veggies, ¼ grains (½
whole), ¼ protein, plus dairy.
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
