TC 3-04.93 Aeromedical Training for Flight Personnel (Aug 2009)
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
1. What is the -1.98 degrees Celsius per 1,000 feet
Mean Tempera-
ture Lapse Rate in p. 2-2
the Troposphere
(Sea Level to
about 26,400ft)?
2. What are 1. Eflcient Zone (Sea Level to 10,000 ft)
the Physiological 2. Deficient Zone (10,000 to 50,000 ft)
Zones of the At- 3. Space Equivalent Zone (50,000 ft to outer edge of atmosphere)
mosphere?
p. 2-7
3. What are the 1. TYPE I (UNRECOGNIZED)-an aviator does not perceive any indication of SD or
types of Spa- think anything is wrong. Type I SD is the most dangerous type of disorientation.
tial Disorien-
tation? Explain 2. TYPE II (RECOGNIZED)-the pilot perceives a problem resulting from SD but might
each. not recognize it as SD.
3. TYPE III (INCAPACITATING)-the pilot experiences such an overwhelming sensa-
tion of movement that he or she cannot orient using visual cues or the aircraft
instruments. Type III SD is not fatal if the copilot can gain control of the aircraft.
p. 9-1
4. What are the Somatogyral Illusions
categories of Somatogravic Illusions
Vestibular Illu-
sions? p. 9-12
5. What causes So- Somatogyral illusions occur when angular acceleration and deceleration stimulates
matogyral illu- the semicircular canals.
sions?
, p. 9-12
6. What are the Leans
types of somato- Graveyard spins
gyral illusions? Coriolis illusion
p. 9-12
7. What is the Coriolis illusions are the most dangerous of all vestibular illusions and cause
most dangerous overwhelming disorientation. Causes the pilot to experience an overwhelming
of all vestibular il- head-over-heels tumbling sensation.
lusions?
p. 9-14
8. What causes So- Somatogravic illusions are caused when changes in gravity or linear acceleration
matogravic Illu- and deceleration stimulate the otolith organ.
sions?
p. 9-15
9. What are the Oculogravic
types of so- Elevator illusion
matogravic illu- Oculoagravic
sions?
p. 9-15
10. What systems Closely associated with the vestibular system and, to a lesser degree, the visual
are the propri- system.
oceptive illusions
closely associat- p. 9-16
ed with?
11.
, What is the best Visual acuity decreases to 20/200 or less, and color perception is lost.
visual acuity for
unaided vision? p. 8-5
12. What should an 1. Never fly without visual reference points
aviator do to pre- 2. Never try to fly VMC and IMC at the same time
vent Spatial Dis- 3. Avoid fatigue, smoking, hypoglycemia, hypoxia, and anxiety
orientation? 4. Trust the instruments
p. 9-16
13. What is the treat- 1. Refer to the instruments and develop a good cross-check.
ment for Spatial 2. Delay intuitive actions long enough to check both visual references and the
Disorientation? instruments.
3. Transfer control to the other pilot (if two pilots are in the aircraft); rarely will both
pilots experience SD at the same time.
p. 9-17
14. What are the Photopic
Types of Vision? Mesopic
Scotopic
p. 8-3
15. Describe Pho- 1. Occurs during daylight or bright light
topic Vision. 2. Produces sharp images and color vision
3. Requires use of central vision (fovea centralis)
4. Involves the cones only
p. 8-4
16. Describe Mesopic 1. Occurs at dawn, dusk, and in full moonlight
Vision. 2. Reduces color vision and decreases visual acuity
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
1. What is the -1.98 degrees Celsius per 1,000 feet
Mean Tempera-
ture Lapse Rate in p. 2-2
the Troposphere
(Sea Level to
about 26,400ft)?
2. What are 1. Eflcient Zone (Sea Level to 10,000 ft)
the Physiological 2. Deficient Zone (10,000 to 50,000 ft)
Zones of the At- 3. Space Equivalent Zone (50,000 ft to outer edge of atmosphere)
mosphere?
p. 2-7
3. What are the 1. TYPE I (UNRECOGNIZED)-an aviator does not perceive any indication of SD or
types of Spa- think anything is wrong. Type I SD is the most dangerous type of disorientation.
tial Disorien-
tation? Explain 2. TYPE II (RECOGNIZED)-the pilot perceives a problem resulting from SD but might
each. not recognize it as SD.
3. TYPE III (INCAPACITATING)-the pilot experiences such an overwhelming sensa-
tion of movement that he or she cannot orient using visual cues or the aircraft
instruments. Type III SD is not fatal if the copilot can gain control of the aircraft.
p. 9-1
4. What are the Somatogyral Illusions
categories of Somatogravic Illusions
Vestibular Illu-
sions? p. 9-12
5. What causes So- Somatogyral illusions occur when angular acceleration and deceleration stimulates
matogyral illu- the semicircular canals.
sions?
, p. 9-12
6. What are the Leans
types of somato- Graveyard spins
gyral illusions? Coriolis illusion
p. 9-12
7. What is the Coriolis illusions are the most dangerous of all vestibular illusions and cause
most dangerous overwhelming disorientation. Causes the pilot to experience an overwhelming
of all vestibular il- head-over-heels tumbling sensation.
lusions?
p. 9-14
8. What causes So- Somatogravic illusions are caused when changes in gravity or linear acceleration
matogravic Illu- and deceleration stimulate the otolith organ.
sions?
p. 9-15
9. What are the Oculogravic
types of so- Elevator illusion
matogravic illu- Oculoagravic
sions?
p. 9-15
10. What systems Closely associated with the vestibular system and, to a lesser degree, the visual
are the propri- system.
oceptive illusions
closely associat- p. 9-16
ed with?
11.
, What is the best Visual acuity decreases to 20/200 or less, and color perception is lost.
visual acuity for
unaided vision? p. 8-5
12. What should an 1. Never fly without visual reference points
aviator do to pre- 2. Never try to fly VMC and IMC at the same time
vent Spatial Dis- 3. Avoid fatigue, smoking, hypoglycemia, hypoxia, and anxiety
orientation? 4. Trust the instruments
p. 9-16
13. What is the treat- 1. Refer to the instruments and develop a good cross-check.
ment for Spatial 2. Delay intuitive actions long enough to check both visual references and the
Disorientation? instruments.
3. Transfer control to the other pilot (if two pilots are in the aircraft); rarely will both
pilots experience SD at the same time.
p. 9-17
14. What are the Photopic
Types of Vision? Mesopic
Scotopic
p. 8-3
15. Describe Pho- 1. Occurs during daylight or bright light
topic Vision. 2. Produces sharp images and color vision
3. Requires use of central vision (fovea centralis)
4. Involves the cones only
p. 8-4
16. Describe Mesopic 1. Occurs at dawn, dusk, and in full moonlight
Vision. 2. Reduces color vision and decreases visual acuity
