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LING 115 Final Exam (2025/2026) | 200+ Q&A | Language Planning, Diglossia, Bilingualism, Script Reform, Language Revitalization – [Linguistics

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This document offers over 200 exam questions and detailed answers from the LING 115 Final Exam (2025/2026 academic year), covering a wide range of topics in sociolinguistics, language policy, and multilingual education. Crafted to support high-scoring performance, the material spans both foundational theory and real-world applications of linguistic principles. Key topics include: Language Planning & Policy: Corpus planning, status planning, national vs. official languages, examples from Tanzania, Indonesia, Philippines, Pakistan, Canada, Lebanon, and more Script Reforms & Language Standardization: Historical and political motivations for changes in writing systems (e.g., Latin vs. Cyrillic in Azerbaijan) Bilingualism & Language Shift: Definitions, intergenerational transmission models, additive/subtractive bilingualism, language endangerment, and revitalization strategies Diglossia & Language Domains: High vs. low varieties, language use across social functions and institutions Global English & Language Hierarchies: Lingua franca dynamics, inner/outer/expanding circles, and effects on science, education, and media US Language Policy History: Meyer v. Nebraska, National Defense Act, Prop 63, Native American Languages Act, and major demographic and political influences on English usage Language Revitalization Case Studies: Hebrew, Welsh, Hawaiian, and Guarani – including the roles of prestige, education, government support, and demographic factors This exam prep is ideal for: Undergraduate students in sociolinguistics, applied linguistics, language policy, or bilingual education TESOL/TEFL candidates studying language rights, planning, and multilingual societies Learners at US universities and colleges enrolled in mid-to-advanced linguistics programs Anyone studying language revitalization, language endangerment, and multilingual state policies The document is comprehensive, well-organized, and tailored for efficient review and success in final assessments. It also provides comparisons across global contexts, offering deeper insight into how language functions as both a social and political tool. Keywords: language planning, corpus planning, status planning, national language, official language, bilingualism, language shift, language endangerment, diglossia, lingua franca, script reform, additive bilingualism, subtractive bilingualism, intergenerational language loss, language revitalization, Hebrew revival, Hawaiian language, Prop 63, language rights, multilingual policy

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LING115 Final Exam 2025/2026 Exam
Questions and Answers | A+ Score
Assured



A language used as a symbol of the people is:




A Lingua Franca

An Official Language

A National Language


None of the Above - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A National Language


The language most commonly used as the medium of education is:




A Lingua Franca

,An Official Language

A National Language


None of the Above - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔An Official Language


Governments declare lingua francas.




True or False? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔False


Official languages must have a written form.




True or False? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔True


Lingua Francas don't have to have a written form.




True or False? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔True


National Languages must be prestigious.




True or False? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔False

,Why was the implementation of Indonesian in Indonesia more successful

than the implementation of Filipino in the Phillipines?




Everyone knew that Filipino was just Tagalog by another name whereas

Indonesian was a completely new language.




Indonesian was wide spread, spoken by most people in the country, but

Filipino was not.




Filipino needed a lot of work to be a suitable official language whereas

Indonesian did not.




Indonesian was spoken by a variety of ethnic groups (but not the group in

control of the government) whereas Filipino was spoken only by the ethnic

group in control of the government. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Indonesian was

spoken by a variety of ethnic groups (but not the group in control of the

government) whereas Filipino was spoken only by the ethnic group in

control of the government.


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, What was the most important factor in the success of Tanzania's language

policy?




Most people in the country could speak Swahili.

English is easy to learn.




Most of the country, even if they didn't speak Swahili, spoke another Bantu

language.




Swahili was already used in government and by the universities. - 🧠

ANSWER ✔✔Most of the country, even if they didn't speak Swahili, spoke

another Bantu language.

In Azerbaijan, the implementation of the Latin script in 1926 was more

successful than the implementation of the Cyrillic script. Why?




The government burned books when they implemented the Cyrillic script,

but not when they implemented the Latin script.

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